Ch 10-11

Typically, the highest continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) pressure used by the EMT without special permission for medical direction is:

10 lpm O2

A six-year-old boy has gotten into his mother's prescribed medications and ingested a large number of her opioid tablets. The patient is now found unresponsive and apneic, but he still has a weak palpable Carotid pulse. You would instruct your partner to ventilate this patient in which manner?

10 times a minute

A patient complaining of shortness of breath and a history of asthma has the following Vital Signs; pulse 96, respirations 20 breaths per minute, blood pressure 132/86, and spo2 92% on room air. Mild wheezing is noted bilaterally, and the patient states that she has run out of her rescue inhaler albuterol. Regarding the patient's respiratory status, how should you initially administer oxygen?

2 lpm O2 through a nasal cannula

An elderly male patient who is short of breath is on home oxygen. He is wearing a nasal cannula connected to an oxygen tank with the flow regulator set to 3 LPM. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should recognize that the patient is getting approximately what percentage of oxygen with each breath?

32%

How should the EMT document a pulse oximetry reading on the pre-hospital care report?

97% SpO2

You determine a patient's heart rate to be 48 beats per minute. That rate should be recognized as:

Bradycardic

When using the OPQRST mnemonic, the EMT is getting information as it applies to the P category when she asked:

Do you feel more short of breath when you are lying down?

A patient with a heavy smoking history and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (emphysema) presents in marked respiratory distress with cyanosis noted to her fingertips. When administering oxygen to this patient, the EMT would remember that:

High concentration oxygen must be provided if the patient's condition warrants such therapy

When using the SAMPLE mnemonic, which of these statements made by the patient would be categorized under the letter M?

I take Zocor, but I'm not sure why

You are starting to ventilate a patient with a laryngectomy and stoma. As you provide the first few ventilations, you note that the air passes easily into the patient, but does not cause the chest to rise. Your next action should be to:

Seal the patient's mouth and nose

Your partner is having a difficult time determining Normal and abnormal blood pressures for a child. Which of these statements would help him most?

a minimally acceptable systolic pressure can be estimated by doubling the child's age and adding it to 70

To receive treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the patient must exhibit:

ability to breathe on his own adequately

You're artificially ventilating an adult male patient who is in respiratory arrest with a bag valve mask. Which finding would demonstrate that you are ventilating this patient properly?

adequate chest rise and fall

You are by the side of a patient who fell 5 feet from a ladder, landing on a concrete porch and hitting his lower back and buttocks. Assessment reveals an intact airway, adequate respirations, rapid radial pulse, and skin that is pale, cool, and diaphoretic. The patient complains of lower back and left leg pain. No deformity to the extremity is noted however, the lower back is tender on palpation. The following vital signs are obtained; pulse 132, respirations 20 breaths per minute, blood pressure 102/88, and SpO2 97% on room air. Regarding oxygen therapy, you would:

administer oxygen at 15 LPM through a non-rebreather mask

Which of these descriptions would be obtained when asking about the A component of the SAMPLE history?

allergy to penicillin

For which patient is placement of an oropharyngeal airway indicated?

an unresponsive patient who has no gag or cough reflex

A patient with a stoma and tracheostomy tube is responsive to painful stimuli. He has shallow respirations and is breathing at a rate of 6 times per minute. He has cyanosis of the fingertips and a weak, rapid radial pulse. Which strategy should be used in providing Respiratory Care to this patient?

attach the bag valve device directly to the tracheostomy tube

Your partner states that he wants to palpate the blood pressure. Which equipment would you hand him?

blood pressure cuff

When obtaining a blood pressure, the EMT listens for a pulse over which blood vessel?

brachial artery

Which body system or structure is responsible for the control and regulation of a person's breathing?

brain

For a healthy person, the primary stimulus to breathe is:

carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream

You are assessing a 61 year old male patient who is confused. During the primary assessment, you cannot locate a radial pulse. Your immediate action should be to:

check for Carotid pulse

Which condition would the EMT associate with a hypoxic respiratory drive

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A young male patient has been stabbed in the right lateral chest. Regarding the respiratory system, which finding presents the greatest danger to his well-being?

collection of air between the pleural and visceral membranes

You must transport a patient with carbon monoxide poisoning to a specialized facility for treatment. Transport time is estimated at 1.5 hours. The patient is on a non-rebreather face mask with a continuous oxygen flow a 15 LPM. In the ambulance, you have a G tank with 1100 PSI inside. Knowing that the cylinder constant is 2.41, which action should the EMT take in relation to the amount of available oxygen and transport time?

complete the transport, and replace the G cylinder when back at the station

When assessing a patient's pulse, you note that it is a regular. To get an accurate heart rate, you would:

count the number of Beats that occur in 1 minute

An EMT student ask you if it matters whether the blood pressure cuff seems too small for a patient, if a reading can be obtained. You should respond:

cuffs that are too small provide inaccurately High readings

The EMT recognizes a late sign of hypoxia in a patient in a coma when he observes

cyanosis in the fingers

Which of these conditions would result in the greatest decrease in oxygen delivery to the cells?

decreased amount of circulating hemoglobin

A 52 year old male patient with a brain tumor has gone into respiratory arrest, but still has a pulse and obtainable blood pressure. You assigned the task of artificially ventilating the patient with the bag valve mask to a new emergency medical responder. How will you instruct him to ventilate the patient?

deliver 10 breaths per minute

The EMT has just placed an oropharyngeal airway in a patient. By doing so, what has the EMT accomplish?

displaced the tongue away from the back of the airway

Your paramedic partner has applied continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to a patient in respiratory distress from congestive heart failure (CHF). As an EMT, you realize that this treatment should benefit the patient by:

displacing fluid in the alveoli back into the bloodstream

The EMT is appropriately sizing the nasal Airway when she measures the

distance from the tip of the nose to ear lobe

You are assessing a confused dark-skinned patient who complains of a headache. When checking his skin color, you should:

evaluate the palms of his hands or conjunctiva

You and your paramedic partner are caring for a patient who overdosed on a drug that is caused her to become apneic. Your EMT student is providing BVM ventilations with supplemental oxygen via an endotracheal tube placed by the paramedic. How often should Vital Signs be reassessed on this patient:

every 5 minutes

What is the name of the pulse that is palpated in the groin area?

femoral

The EMT is correctly palpating a central pulse when he palpates the:

femoral pulse

To test a pediatric patients capillary refill, the EMT will:

firmly compress and then release pressure on the nail bed

A pulse oximetry reading obtained on room air is considered normal when it is:

greater than 97%

You are checking the D oxygen tank in the ambulance and note that it is reading on the pressure regulator as 1000 PSI. You should recognize the tank is

half full

Which type of portable suction unit has the lowest potential for problems during its use?

hand powered

Which of these actions indicates that the EMT is correctly using a non-rebreather face mask on an adult patient?

he fully inflates the reservoir prior to placing the mask on the patient

Which of these statements made by another crew member would cause you to disregard the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for a patient?

his respirations are agonal and slow

When does hypoxia occur?

if inadequate amounts of o2 are available to the cells

You are administering oxygen at 2 LPM through a nasal cannula to a confused patient. During transport, you note the SpO2 to be 91%, up from 90% on scene. The patient remains confused. What would your next action be?

increase oxygen flow to 4 LPM

After 2 minutes of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) at 4 lpm O2, you see no improvement in the patient's respirations or SpO2 level. What is your next step?

increase the continuous positive airway pressure by 2 lpm O2 and reassess the patient

A female patient called 911 when she noticed blood in her stool, and became scared and anxious. Her pulse rate is 124 and her blood pressure is 88 over 60. After you get her Vital Signs, she nervously ask you how they are. Given her anxiety, you should:

inform her of the vital signs

A 21 year old female patient has overdosed on an unknown drug. She has snoring respiration's and an intact gag reflex. She has shallow respiratory effort and is slightly cyanotic. Given these assessment findings, you should include:

insertion of a nasal Airway

A patient with liver cancer exhibits a yellow discoloration to his entire body. The EMT would correctly document this condition as:

jaundice

When providing an in-service program on oxygen usage in the geriatric patient, you should emphasize which point in regard to a patient who has dentures?

loose appliances should be removed if they interfere with the airway or the seal between the mask and face

When using a pocket mask de Venta light and unresponsive adult patient, the EMT must always:

maintain the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver or a jaw-thrust maneuver

You are assessing a female patient with the complaint of shortness of breath. When assessing her skin, which finding should be recognized as abnormal?

moist

Assessment findings for an alert and oriented patient complaining of shortness of breath reveal an open airway and strong radial pulse, accompanied by skin that is cool and diaphoretic. The depth of respirations is adequate, and breath sounds include wheezing throughout the lungs. Vital signs are a pulse of 124, respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute, blood pressure of 146/82, and spo2 of 93%. The patient has a history of asthma, for which she takes medications. How would you initiate oxygen therapy on this patient?

nasal cannula

As you enter the scene of a medical emergency, the EMR informs you that the patient is not breathing and has pupils that are fixed and dilated. Based on this description, what do you expect to say when you reach the patient's side?

neither pupil will react when light is directed into the eyes

Which oxygen Administration systems will provide the patient with the greatest amount of oxygen?

non-rebreather face mask at 15 LPM of oxygen

Which action should you perform when attaching a therapy regulator to a new oxygen take?

open the cylinder valve for one second prior to attaching the regulator

Which of these statements, when made by an EMT, reflects correct knowledge regarding the use of oxygen in a patient with a suspected acute coronary syndrome who denies dyspnea, has a pulse ox reading of 96%, and has acceptable vital signs?

oxygen administration is no longer considered standard therapy for this patient

When monitoring a patient receiving oxygen through nasal cannula, which of these observations warrants immediate intervention

oxygen flow rate of 15 LPM

A patient was eating dinner when a piece of food became caught in his throat. Although coughing has failed to remove the food, he remains able to move an adequate amount of air into and out of his lungs. A nasal cannula has been applied and vital signs are stable. During transport, the patient suddenly begins to exhibit stridorous respirations. Your immediate action should be to:

perform abdominal thrusts

You're having a difficult time getting air from the bag valve mask to pass into the lungs of a patient with suspected stroke. What should your first action be?

perform the head-tilt chin-lift maneuver again

You are assessing a young male patient who was ejected from an automobile at a high rate of speed. He responds to painful stimuli by posturing and displays agonal breathing. His pulse is weak and thready, and his skin is cool and diaphoretic. When addressing this patient's Airway and breathing, the EMT must immediately:

perform the jaw-thrust maneuver and begin artificial ventilation with a bag valve mask

A listless and lethargic 84 year old male patient responds to physical stimuli with garbled speech. His respiration show poor effort and are rapid and labored, with a room air SpO2 of 84%. Additionally you cannot appreciate breath sounds in his right lung. The best form of oxygen therapy for this patient would be:

positive pressure ventilation

Which of these statements best describes the purpose of a Venturi mask?

precise concentrations of oxygen can be delivered with this device

An EMT has an accurate understanding of systolic blood pressure when he tells you that systolic blood pressure is:

produced when the heart contracts

Which pulse site is commonly palpated during the process of obtaining a blood pressure by the palpation technique?

radial

You are transferring an unresponsive patient from her house to the ambulance on the stretcher. An oral Airway has been placed and ventilations with the bag valve mask are being administered. Suddenly the patient regains Consciousness and starts to gag. Your immediate action should be to:

remove the oral Airway

You have opened an apneic patient Airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and are ready to ventilate with a pocket mask. The first ventilation you attempt is unsuccessful. You should immediately:

reposition the patient's head

When assessing a patient who does not speak the same language as you or your partner, the best approach in the immediate care of the patient is to:

request that a family member Acts As an interpreter

EMR's inform you that a 27 year old male patient with altered mental status has an open Airway and is breathing 9 times every 30 seconds. His pulse rate is 40 beats per minute, and he has bruises to his chest. Based on this Vital sign and presentation information, the EMT should recognize the:

respiratory rate as normal

Which of these findings related to breathing would be most concerning to the EMT in an adult patient:

respiratory rate of 20, use of accessory muscles

You're called to a long-term care facility to assess and transport a patient with a high fever. Which alternative sign should you use to confirm the patient's increased body temperature?

skin on the abdomen that is hot and flushed

To assess a patient's blood pressure, the EMT will need a:

sphygmomanometer

A patient who inhaled superheated steam in an industrial fire is most likely to exhibit which abnormal upper Airway noise?

stridor

A young female patient has been stung by bee and complains that her throat is closing up. She states that she is allergic to bee stings, the last time this happened, she had to have a tube put in her windpipe. She is struggling to breathe and can speak only a few words at a time. Knowing that allergic reactions can cause swelling in the pharynx and the larynx, what Airway sound would indicate that the patient indeed has swelling in this area?

stridor

You determine a patient's radial pulse is readily palpable. But has uneven intervals between beats. This finding would be best documented on the pre-hospital care report as:

strong and irregular

On arrival at a lethargic patients side, you note her to have gurgling respirations. What is the best treatment for this condition?

suction

You are observing an EMT insert an oropharyngeal Airway into the airway of a 36 year old male patient who has overdosed on a street drug. Which observation indicates a correct technique?

the airway is inserted into the mouth upside down, and then turned 180 degrees once it contacts the soft palate

You must immobilize a 6 year old male patient who was involved in a motor vehicle accident. Regarding the airway, why should you consider placing padding under his shoulders and back?

the child's occipital skull is larger in proportion to his body

A patient who was shoveling snow develop chest pains, immediately sat down in a nearby bus shelter, and called 911. Prior to moving him into the ambulance, your partner performs a primary assessment and reports that the patient's capillary refill is 5 Seconds. Which of these would be an appropriate statement for you to make?

the cold temperature may cause the capillary refill to be 5 Seconds, we should access further.

In a healthy patient, for air to be exhaled from the lungs, what must occur?

the diaphragm must relax

Your partner reports that a patient's blood pressure is 156/78. From this reading, you realize:

the diastolic blood pressure is 78

The EMT is correct when he identifies Baseline vital signs as:

the first set of vital signs obtained.

An alert and oriented 87 year old female patient has fallen and suffered a 3 cm laceration to the back of her head. According to the patient, her walker became caught in the carpet, causing her to trip. When obtaining a medical history, who should the EMT address first?

the patient

You're using an automatic transport ventilator ATV for a patient who has an insufficient respiratory effort. What is the best indicator of adequate artificial ventilation by the ATV?

the patient's chest Rises and falls with each mechanical ventilation

When obtaining a blood pressure for a patient, the radial pulse disappears when the gauge reads 130. When deflating the cuff, the EMT here's a pulse at 118. The pulse disappears at 76. Given this, which of these statements is true:

the systolic blood pressure is 118

What is obstructing the airway when snoring is heard?

the tongue

A family has called 911 for a 41 year old male family member then they cannot wake up. They State he has been threatening to kill himself and believe that he may have intentionally overdosed on his pain medications. As you enter the patient's bedroom, You observe him supine on the floor with his eyes closed. As he breathes, you can hear snoring respiration's. As an acknowledged EMT, you recognize that this condition is likely caused by:

the tongue partially blocking the airway

When obtaining a medical history using the SAMPLE mnemonic, which of these statements relates to the P component

there is a history of pancreatitis

The EMT is appropriately using the SAMPLE mnemonic when he ask which question?

when did you last eat

Patient with chest discomfort has the following Vital Signs; pulse 88, respirations 14 breast per minute, blood pressure 154/84, and SpO2 97% on room air. In this situation, the EMT would address oxygen therapy by:

withholding the use of oxygen