Ch. 10

_____ is a popular and sophisticated software package that can be used to edit photographs and other visual images.

Adobe Photoshop

_____ is a popular and sophisticated software package that can be used to edit photographs and other visual images. Microsoft Silverlight PowerPoint Autodesk Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop

_____ include the people, procedures, hardware, software, data, and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that can simulate human intelligence processes including learning, reasoning, and self-correction.

Artificial intelligence systems

_____ is a wide range of adaptive and rehabilitative devices to help people with disabilities perform tasks that they were formerly unable to accomplish or had great difficulty accomplishing.

Assistive technology

_____ is a wide range of adaptive and rehabilitative devices to help people with disabilities perform tasks that they were formerly unable to accomplish or had great difficulty accomplishing. Assistive technology Bioinformatics Virtual reality Forensics software

Assistive technology

_____ has the potential to superimpose digital data over real photos so that GPS maps can be combined with real pictures of stores and streets to help people locate their position.

Augmented reality

You joined an agriculture business as an Assistant Marketing Manager and you are full of ideas on how to improve sales. When you voiced your thoughts to your boss, she mentions "do not reinvent the wheel". It means _______. A) do not bring new ideas, since this is an old company B) before starting any new project, try to build on expertise and knowledge of others in the organization C) the wheels of innovation have already been created in the organization D) currently there is not adequate budget to explore new ideas

B) before starting any new project, try to build on expertise and knowledge of others in the organization

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that have caused many organizations to establish knowledge management programs?​ A) expansion of the services sector B) economic fluctuations C) emergence of new information technologies D) globalization

B) economic fluctuations

Many organizations actively attempt to convert explicit knowledge to tacit knowledge.

False

T/F: The first step in implementing a knowledge management project is to identify the most valuable pieces of tacit knowledge to capture.​

False

While gathering requirements for a system that assists tech support people, you create a list of conditions and the recommended responses. This list of conditions and responses can form the basis of a knowledge-base for a robotics system.

False

_____ is a mathematical theory for developing strategies that maximize gains and minimize losses while adhering to a given set of rules and constraints.

Game theory

_____ is the combination of information technology with traditional disciplines such as medicine or science while considering the impact on individuals, organizations, and society.

Informatics

​You work for a manufacturing business. Your employer uses a model for selecting the supplier for the raw materials. They wish to become more responsive so that changes in the internal decision model can be quickly implemented in the systems. What is an appropriate recommendation?

Install a Business Rules management system and interface it to the Supply chain management system.

_____ do not need any previous training in computers or expert systems.

Knowledge users

_____ is text, graphics, video, animation, audio, and other media that can be used to help an organization efficiently and effectively achieve its goals.

Multimedia

_____ involves a computer understanding, analyzing, manipulating, and/or generating linguistic communication

Natural language processing

_____ can process many pieces of data at the same time and learn to recognize patterns.

Neural networks

When audio files are played while they are being downloaded from the Internet, it is called streaming audio. True or False

T

When audio files are played while they are being downloaded from the Internet, it is called streaming audio. t or f

T

_____ knowledge is hard to measure and document and typically is not objective or formalized.

Tacit

A neural network relies on massively parallel processing to enable a computer to simulate the function of a human brain.

True

Although computers excel at numerical calculations, they are not as good at dealing with symbols and three-dimensional objects.

True

An expert system, using the explanation facility, can indicate all the facts and rules that were used in reaching a conclusion.

True

Expert system shells lessen the burden of programming, allowing nonprogrammers to develop and benefit from the use of expert systems.

True

Expert systems use heuristics to arrive at conclusions or make recommendations.

True

Expert systems, robotics, vision systems, natural language processing, learning systems, and neural networks are all part of the broad field of artificial intelligence.

True

If Stan and Marcus, a new trainee at the manufacturing plant, are working together to resolve an issue on the line, they would be using joint problem solving as a means of transferring Stan's tacit knowledge to Marcus.​

True

Robotics involves developing mechanical or computer devices that can paint cars, make precision welds, and perform tasks that require a high degree of precision or are tedious or hazardous for humans.

True

T or F A group of people with common interests who come together to create, store, and share knowledge of a specific topic is known as a community of practice.

True

T or F Namaste Yoga Studio's website is a great example of multimedia because it uses text, photos, graphics, and video to communicate the message of the studio's owners.​

True

T/F: A perceptive system allows a machine to approximate the way a person sees, hears, and feels objects.

True

T/F: A user interface makes an expert system easier to develop and use.

True

T/F: Artificial intelligence involves the development of machines and computer systems that can simulate human intelligence processes.

True

T/F: Assistive technology systems help people overcome disabilities and perform various tasks.

True

T/F: Bioinformatics has been used to help map the human genome and conduct research on biological organisms.

True

T/F: Expert system shells lessen the burden of programming, allowing nonprogrammers to develop and benefit from the use of expert systems.

True

T/F: Expert systems use heuristics to arrive at conclusions or make recommendations.

True

T/F: Expert systems, robotics, vision systems, natural language processing, learning systems, and neural networks are all part of the broad field of artificial intelligence.

True

T/F: If Stan and Marcus, a new trainee at the manufacturing plant, are working together to resolve an issue on the line, they would be using joint problem solving as a means of transferring Stan's tacit knowledge to Marcus.​

True

T/F: In some cases, metadata—the data that describes other data—is more important than the data itself.​

True

T/F: Learning systems allow a computer to change how it reacts to situations based on the feedback it receives.

True

T/F: Robotics involves developing mechanical or computer devices that can paint cars, make precision welds, and perform tasks that require a high degree of precision or are tedious or hazardous for humans.

True

T/F: The overall purpose of an inference engine is to seek information and relationships from the knowledge base and to provide answers, predictions, and suggestions similar to the way a human expert would.

True

T/F: Virtual reality simulations require special interface devices that transmit the sights, sounds, and sensations of the simulated world to the user.

True

The domain expert is the person with the expertise the expert system is trying to capture.

True

To avoid potential bottlenecks and delays in accurately applying and implementing changes​ in business rules, many organizations use business rule management software.

True

Virtual reality simulations require special interface devices that transmit the sights, sounds, and sensations of the simulated world to the user.

True

When audio files are played while they are being downloaded from the Internet, it is called streaming audio.

True

_____ do not need any previous training in computers or expert systems. a. Knowledge engineers b. Domain experts c. Intelligent agents d. Knowledge users

d. Knowledge users

Sophisticated computer systems require an extension of understanding visual images. This is called a _____ system. a. virtual reality b. robotic c. learning d. perceptive

d. perceptive

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that have caused many organizations to establish knowledge management programs?​

economic fluctuations

An international package shipping company like FedEx needs to be able to track the location of every package at every stage in the process, from pick-up to delivery.​ Which specific type of software would be useful in this situation?

enterprise search

The _____ allows an expert system user to understand how the system arrived at its results.

explanation facility

The _____ allows an expert system user to understand how the system arrived at its results. inference engine explanation facility knowledge acquisition facility knowledge base

explanation facility

Knowing that the Hennessey Venom GT, with a top speed of 270 mph, is the fastest car in the world, is an example of having _____ knowledge.

explicit

Executives at Southwestern Construction have noticed that the company's construction team in the Phoenix office is more efficient with its resources than the other teams in the Las Vegas, Salt Lake, and Santa Fe offices. They decide to construct a knowledge management system that will allow the Phoenix team's methods to be shared with the other three offices. As a means of convincing the other teams to adopt the new methods, they develop an incentive program that allows team members to earn a percentage of the money they save on each project. This is related to which phase of knowledge management project implementation?​ ​starting with a small pilot and enthusiastic participants ​connecting the KM to goals and objectives ​identifying valuable tacit knowledge ​getting employees to buy in

getting employees to buy in

In an expert system, the _____ is the component that delivers the expert advice. inference engine user interface knowledge acquisition facility explanation facility

inference engine

A(n) _____ consists of programs and a knowledge base used to perform a specific task for a person, a process, or another program.

intelligent agent

The _____ stores all relevant information, data, rules, cases, and relationships that an expert system uses.

knowledge base

Sophisticated computer systems require an extension of understanding visual images. This is called a _____ system.

perceptive

A _____ is a conditional statement that links conditions to actions or outcomes.

rule

Knowing the best way to negotiate with a foreign government about a volatile hostage situation is an example of _____ knowledge.

tacit

_____ knowledge is hard to measure and document and typically is not objective or formalized. a. Shared b. Tacit c. Technical d. Explicit

tacit

An expert system's knowledge acquisition facility serves as an interface between _____. the experts and the knowledge base the inference engine and the explanation facility the end users and the inference engine the inference engine and the knowledge base

the experts and the knowledge base

A genetic algorithm is an approach to solving problems based on the _____.

theory of evolution

The haptic interface relays the sense of _____ in the virtual world.

touch

The haptic interface relays the sense of _____ in the virtual world. a. sight b. sound c. touch d. smell

touch

Best Value Hardware Stores, a national chain, has established strict policies about the conditions under which a customer can return merchandise. These policies are an example of: __________. ​customer service ​a business rule management system ​a business rule ​an operational system

​a business rule

Executives at Southwestern Construction have noticed that the company's construction team in the Phoenix office is more efficient with its resources than the other teams in the Las Vegas, Salt Lake, and Santa Fe offices. They decide to construct a knowledge management system that will allow the Phoenix team's methods to be shared with the other three offices. Which general benefit are they hoping to gain from this new system?​

​leveraging the expertise of people across the organization