CH 10 Learning Curve APUSH

As president, John Quincy Adams's policies appeared to support the interests of what group?

The business elite Adams's policies supported manufacturers and entrepreneurs, who were members of the business elite.

Why did the Freemasons fall into disrepute in 1826?

The kidnapping and murder of a disloyal member had raised suspicions. After the kidnapping and murder in 1826 of William Morgan, a New York Mason who had threatened to reveal the order's secrets, the Freemasons fell into disrepute.

What prompted the emergence of a second national party in the mid-1830s?

The rise of Democracy and Jackson's tumultuous presidency The expansion of male suffrage and the leadership of Andrew Jackson in the Democratic Party triggered the formation of modern disciplined nationwide parties—the Democrats and their opponents, the Whigs.

Why did northern Jacksonians like Martin Van Buren support the Tariff of 1828?

They added tariffs on raw materials like wool to win electoral support. Van Buren and his Jacksonian allies hopped on the tariff bandwagon. By increasing duties on wool, hemp, and other imported raw materials, they hoped to win the support of farmers in New York, Ohio, and Kentucky for Jackson's presidential candidacy in 1828.

Why did the Whigs run four presidential candidates in the election of 1836?

They hoped the election would end up in the House of Representatives. The Whigs ran four candidates, each with a strong regional reputation. They hoped to garner enough electoral votes to throw the contest into the House of Representatives.

On what grounds did the Cherokee challenge the Indian Removal Act before the Supreme Court in the case of Cherokee Nation v. Georgia in 1831?

They were a "foreign nation." The Cherokee claimed they were a foreign nation, but Chief Justice John Marshall denied the claim of independence and declared that Indian people were "domestic dependent nations."

What was the fundamental purpose behind South Carolina's nullification of the federal tariff of 1828?

To check federal power before it could be used to abolish slavery South Carolinians lived in a state with a majority slave population and feared the federal government might one day end slavery as the British were doing in the Caribbean, so they sought to check federal power before that could be done by inventing the nullification process. It was used on the tariff as an example of a state's ability to curb expanding federal power, but lowering the tariff was only one short-term goal.

What was one consequence of the Taney Court's decision in the case of Mayor of New York v. Miln (1837)?

To enhance the regulatory role of state governments The court ruled that New York State could use its "police power" to inspect the health of arriving immigrants, which enhanced the regulatory role of state governments.

What was the most important role of the Second Bank of the United States?

To stabilize the nation's money supply The bank's most important role was to stabilize the nation's money supply, which consisted primarily of notes issued by state-chartered banks. By collecting these state notes and demanding their exchange for gold or silver, the Second Bank tested the reserves of these note-issuing institutions.

In what respect were the Whigs of the 1830s similar to the Federalists at the beginning of the nineteenth century?

Both sought leaders with wealth and ability. Federalists and Whigs were both skeptical of the general population and their ability to govern themselves without the commanding voice and authority of an elite. However, whereas the Federalists believed in an elite that derived its authority from birth and pedigree, Whigs believed that talent and wealth ought to matter in the popular selection of the nation's leaders.

Why did President Jackson veto the rechartering of the Second Bank of the United States?

He believed the bank to be unconstitutional. Jackson vetoed the rechartering bill with a masterful message that blended constitutional arguments with class rhetoric and patriotic fervor. Adopting the position taken by Thomas Jefferson in 1793, Jackson declared that Congress had no constitutional authority to charter a national bank.

How did the Panic of 1837 affect the labor movement?

It eviscerated the labor movement. The creation of a surplus of unemployed workers completely undermined the labor movement. By 1843, most local unions and all the national labor organizations had disappeared, along with their newspapers.

On December 26, 1833, Henry Clay of Kentucky addressed the Senate censuring President Andrew Jackson's conduct. Clay complained that "The powers of Congress are paralyzed, except when exerted in conformity with his will, by frequent and an extraordinary exercise of the executive veto, not anticipated by the founders of our Constitution, and not practiced by any of the predecessors of the present chief magistrate. . . ." What had Jackson done that angered Henry Clay so much?

Jackson had used his veto power to block Congress. Clay was outraged over President Jackson's frequent use of his executive veto powers, something previous presidents had rarely made use of.

Why did the rechartering of the Second Bank of the United States become an issue?

Jackson's opponents wanted to use the issue to hurt the Democrats. Henry Clay and Daniel Webster brought up the bank's rechartering four years early in an attempt to hurt Jackson's support and split the Democrats. Jackson turned the tables by attacking the bank and using it to carry him to victory in 1832.

Who anonymously wrote, "Constitutional government and the government of a majority are utterly incompatible"?

John C. Calhoun the statement appeared in his work The South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828).

Why did expansion of the franchise advance the development of political parties?

Politicians had to organize their appeal to newly enfranchised voters. With so many new voters from a broad range of social groups, parties had to direct their appeal to more than just the old notables.

What group constituted most of the membership of the Whig Party in the South?

Small, independent farmers Most Southern Whigs were yeomen whites who resented the power and policies of low-country planters, most of whom were Democrats. In addition, some Virginia and South Carolina Democrats, such as John Taylor, became Whigs because they condemned Andrew Jackson's crusade against nullification.

Which group supported Andrew Jackson in the election of 1828?

Southern farmers Jackson was a southerner at heart and a slave-owning cotton planter himself. That endeared him to southern farmers