ch 11 anatomy

Red blood cells result from the divisions of cells called

hemocytoblasts.

The mechanism in the body which stops bleeding and prevents blood loss is known as ___________.

hemostasis

Part complete A function of this leukocyte is to __________.

secrete antibodies

Part complete ________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of RBCs is reduced.

Anemia

During the recycling of hemoglobin, what is the breakdown product of the globular proteins of each hemoglobin molecule?

amino acids

Part complete The least numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

basophils.

In the process of hemoglobin recycling, each heme molecule is stripped of its iron and converted to which pigmented organic compound?

biliverdin

Leukopenia is to leukocytes as anemia is to _________.

erythrocytes

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are all __________.

granulocytes

Part complete The primary function of white blood cells is to

help defend the body against pathogens

Part complete The most abundant type of WBC in a normal blood sample is the ________.

neutrophil

In adults, the stem cells responsible for the production of red and white blood cells originate primarily in the

red bone marrow.

The leukocyte shown here can migrate into tissues to become a __________. A relative large leukocyte with a large, oval- or kidney-shaped nucleus.

tissue macrophage

Without mitochondria, RBCs are relatively inefficient in terms of energy production. However, there is an advantage to RBC function. What is this advantage?

It ensures that any oxygen the RBCs absorb will be delivered to peripheral tissues.

A sample of tissue from an injury shows a large number of eosinophils. This would indicate that the tissue was

infected by parasites.

Part complete A person with Type B blood will have antigens on the surface of RBC and antibodies in plasma.

B, anti-A

What is a benefit of a vascular spasm at the onset of hemostasis?

a reduction in blood loss

During their formation, RBCs

eject their nucleus.

The percentage of whole blood volume occupied by formed elements is called

hematocrit.

Part complete What is the primary function of this leukocyte?

phagocytize bacteria

During fibrinolysis, which enzyme begins digesting the fibrin strands, breaking down the clot?

plasmin

Part complete The three types of formed elements found in blood are _________.

platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by

the release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium.

A blood clot attached to the wall of a vessel is called a(n)

thrombus.

The leukocyte shown here releases _____ that functions to __________. A cell (leukocyte) filled with granules stained deep purple and blue.

heparin; prevent blood clotting

Which condition results from abnormally high levels of bilirubin in the plasma of blood?

jaundice

Excess transferrins are removed in the ________, where the iron extracted from heme molecules is stored in special protein-iron complexes.

liver and spleen

When foreign cells invade the body, one would most likely expect to see increased numbers of

lymphocytes.

Part complete Which of the following pairs are mismatched?

neutrophils: antibody production

During red blood cell development, what is the term given to the first anucleate cell?

reticulocyte

Part complete A normal WBC count is about ________ cells per microliter.

5,000-10,000

When large numbers of RBCs break down in the circulation, the urine can turn reddish or brown in a condition called

hemoglobinuria.

Part complete Formed elements that are nucleated and capable of amoeboid movement are

leukocytes.

Which organ synthesizes more than 90 percent of plasma proteins?

liver

Part complete Fresh whole blood is usually collected through a procedure called

venipuncture

The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways join at the common pathway through the activation of which clotting substance produced by the liver?

Factor X

Part complete Type AB blood contains

agglutinogen A and agglutinogen B.

As blood flows through peripheral tissues, what occurs regarding the hemoglobin molecules of RBCs?

Hemoglobin binds carbon dioxide and releases its bound oxygen

Part complete Blood is approximately ________ percent plasma by volume.

46-63

Abnormal hemoglobin characterizes several inherited disorders. Two of the best known are thalassemia and sickle cell anemia. The various forms of thalassemia result from an inability to produce adequate amounts of the globular proteins that make up hemoglobin, slowing the rate of RBC production. The reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood leads to problems in growth and development. Sickle cell anemia results from a mutation affecting the amino acid sequence of one of the globular proteins of the hemoglobin molecule. When blood contains an abundance of oxygen, the hemoglobin molecules and the RBCs that carry them appear normal. But when the defective hemoglobin gives up enough of its bound oxygen, nearby hemoglobin molecules interact and the cells become stiff and curved. This "sickling" makes the cells more fragile and easily damaged. The sickled cells can become stuck in capillaries, blocking blood flow and starving nearby tissues of oxygen. Phagocytes of the spleen, liver, or red bone marrow detect and engulf damaged red blood cells. Most of the components of red blood cells are recycled, including their hemoglobin. What is the name of the name of the orange yellow pigment that the heme of hemoglobin is converted into?

bilirubin