Ch 11 & 12 questions

Nearly _____ percent of all Americans think that being very well off is important for happiness. This belief is _____ by scientific research. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. 75; supported

75; contradicted

Who suggested that a sneer resembles attempts to threaten predators?

Charles Darwin

Who suggested that very similar physiological reactions are associated with a variety of different emotions?

Walter Cannon

_____________ suggested that we can stimulate the subjective experience of cheerfulness simply by acting as if we are already cheerful.

William James

Which of the following may explain the increased rates of depression and other psychological disorders in young people?

an external locus of control

In a crowd of faces, researchers have found that people are quickest to detect a(n) _____ face.

angry

An instinct is a complex behavior that has a _____________ throughout a species and is _____________.

fixed pattern; unlearned

Research on sexual orientation indicates that:

gay and straight couples experience similar levels of relationship stability.

The idea of social bonding being required for the survival of our ancestors correlates with the idea that the need to belong is:

genetically influenced.

The feel-good, do-good phenomenon refers to the impact of:

happiness on helpfulness

If a person has a pessimistic view about his or her ability to feel accepted in the future, it will affect him or her by:

increasing self-defeating behaviors.

Some people are better at detecting other people's emotions. For example, shown a two-second scene of an upset woman, people who are _____ are better able to detect her emotion.

introverts

Even though gay people often do not have biological children, genetic contributors to a gay or lesbian orientation remain in the gene pool. This is BEST explained by:

kin selection

Grandma Jones was recently admitted to a nursing home. She was quite ill and on a restricted diet, so the staff made all the decisions for her. They chose her meals, her clothes, and when she was able to get out of bed. As Grandma Jones' health improved, her grandchildren noticed that she seemed to have difficulty asserting herself with the staff. This can be explained by:

learned helplessness

When compared to someone who views an event as a threat, an individual who views an event as a challenge is likely to feel _____ stressed.

less

When foods are abundant and varied, eating _____ provides needed vitamins and minerals and produces fat that protects people during winter cold or famine.

more

Compared with those who perceive an internal locus of control, individuals with an external locus of control are:

more likely to feel depressed and less able to delay gratification.

Typically, when compared to women, men fantasize about sex _____ often, _____ physically, and less romantically.

more; more

Evidence that _____ reduce the intensity with which people experience certain emotions most directly refutes the _____.

neck-level spinal cord injuries; Cannon-Bard theory

Which of the following refers to a physiological state that usually triggers a state of motivational arousal?

need

Depression and anxiety are _____ to aerobic exercise.

negatively related

Maria is a fussy eater who refuses to take even a small taste of foods she has not seen before. Her behavior best illustrates:

neophobia

"Having a BMI of 30 or greater" defines obesity in such a way that it can be precisely measured. Therefore, it is a(n) _____ definition of obesity.

operational

When given ____________, rats become ravenously hungry.

orexin

A woman's estrogen levels peak during:

ovulation

Your instructor asks you to explain emotion from biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels. Which of the following explanations represents all three levels?

physiological arousal, cognitive labeling, cultural explanations

The first pillar of the _____ psychology movement focuses on the study of subjective well-being

positive

Exclusion can be obvious, such as _____, or subtle, such as the use of _____

racism; gender-specific pronouns

Professor Crane was ecstatic when he learned that his research study was approved for publication. His joyful feelings quickly dissipated, however, when he heard that his colleague recently had three different research articles approved for publication. His declining emotional satisfaction is best explained by the:

relative deprivation principle.

Which behavior(s) can be considered instinctual for human infants?

rooting and sucking

One way to predict whether a person will have a future heart attack is to pluck a hair and measure its level of a hormone called _____.

cortisol

John has just finished a brutal tour of combat in Afghanistan where he saw a lot of fighting. Several of his friends were killed, but he was able to fight despite the death around him. The two stress hormones at play were _____ and _____.

cortisol; epinephrine

Darnell was accused of a crime and asserts that he is innocent. Familiar with the unreliability of polygraph tests, he asked for a more reliable test. What is likely to be the MOST reliable test of his guilt or innocence?

the Concealed Information Test

The textbook notes that Kinsey Institute investigators interviewed 1000 homosexuals and 500 heterosexuals to investigate potential environmental influences on sexual orientation. This research exemplifies the _____ method

survey

Religious involvement and participation in service learning programs are predictors of which of the following?

teen sexual restraint

Psychologists would most likely use biofeedback to help clients reduce:

tension headaches.

Evidence that visual input is routed from the _____ has been used to support the claim that some emotional reactions may occur without _____

thalamus to the amygdala; conscious thinking

In a four-year study on condom use in Thailand, researchers found an increase use in condoms of __________ percent.

14 to 94

Seventeen-year-old Vanessa just found out she is pregnant. Which of the following likely contributed to her unplanned pregnancy?

Alcohol use

Claudia has just received devastating news about her semi rig. When she hears the bad news, her heart rate zooms and she feels faint, like she is in shock. According to Seyle's general adaptation syndrome, she is in Phase 1, also known as _____.

alarm

A speeding car almost runs Lena over while she is riding her bike. The frightening experience causes a surge of activity in Lena's:

amygdala

With respect to Joseph LeDoux's idea of emotional processing pathways, low is to high as _____ is to _____

amygdala; cortex

Which choice identifies a basic human motivation?

belonging

Monique has not eaten since early this morning. It is now time for dinner. Her stomach is growling and she feels very hungry. One reason that she is feeling hungry is because her:

blood glucose level has dropped

In the 1990s, Alanis Morissette sang that "a traffic jam when you're already late" is ironic. While it actually may not be ironic, this situation is indeed a(n):

daily hassle.

The secretion of PYY _____ hunger and the secretion of orexin _____ hunger.

decreases; increases

One shortcoming of the instinct theory of motivation is that it:

does not explain human behaviors

Lara's mouth is dry and she realizes that she has not had anything to drink all morning. The water level in her cells has dropped and she feels thirsty. Watching people drink large glasses of soda is upsetting her and, at the next opportunity, she will take an extra large drink. Which concept can be used to explain why Lara is motivated to get a drink?

drive-reduction theory

When bad things happen to him, Joe lists all the good things in his life that he is thankful for. Joe's practice exemplifies _____ coping.

emotion-focused

Online social networking tends to ________ self-disclosure.

encourage

The term "settling point" is preferred because the typical body weight of an adult is influenced by:

environmental as well as biological factors

aerobic exercise induces the release of mood boosting hormones such as _____

epinephrine

A 5-year-old child is wary of trying a new lamb stew. He is also not that excited about trying frog legs. This avoidance of unfamiliar foods:

may have been adaptive for human ancestors.

A diminished sense of self, space, and time is most likely to be associated with:

mindfulness meditation.

When people are stimulated by an exciting soccer match, their excitement can fuel and intensify anger. This effect is known as:

the spillover effect