Ch. 11 Developmental Psychology: Adolescence (PSY 3230)
positive expectations by the students, parents, and teachers were predictive of the students' academic status four years later.
A longitudinal study of tenth-grade students, their parents, and their teachers found that teachers' expectations alone best predicted post-secondary academic achievement. early high school academic performance best predicted post-secondary academic achievement. socioeconomic status was the best predictor of what level of education students would attain. positive expectations by the students, parents, and teachers were predictive of the students' academic status four years later.
identity moratorium.
A student who has not yet made a commitment to a career but is still exploring options is in
mindset.
According to Carol Dweck, the cognitive view that individuals develop for themselves is their
The "easygoing" parenting style was linked to the most positive developmental outcomes for Asian American teens.
According to research, which of the following statements regarding the parenting of Asian American parents is FALSE? The "tiger" parenting style is not the most commonly style used by Asian American parents. The "tiger" parenting style was associated with the worst developmental outcomes out of all of the parenting styles of Asian American parents. The "easygoing" parenting style was linked to the most positive developmental outcomes for Asian American teens. Tiger parenting increases for fathers and decreases for mothers across adolescence.
challenging.
Adolescents have improved self-efficacy and achievement when they set goals that are specific, proximal, and easy to attain. distal. realistic. challenging.
socialization experiences.
The most likely reason that females choose careers that are gender stereotyped is
43 percent.
The percentage of full-time U.S. college students who were employed in 2018 was approximately
performance motivation.
Andre focuses on winning the prize for the best essay on civil disobedience. He believes that he will be happy if he wins. Andre has a performance motivation. helpless orientation. mastery motivation. fixed mindset.
13.2%; higher
Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the unemployment rate for college graduates rose to _____ in 2020, which is _____ than previous years.
identity development
Career development is related to _____ in adolescents and emerging adults.
identity development
Career development is related to _____Blank in adolescents and emerging adults.
a vocational class.
Christine wants to be a nursery-school teacher. While still in high school, she takes a class through which she works part of each day at the day-care center her school operates for the children of students, teachers, and staff. Christine is participating in
a vocational class.
Christine wants to be a nursery-school teacher. While still in high school, she takes a class through which she works part of each day at the day-care center her school operates for the children of students, teachers, and staff. Christine is participating in a paid internship. a vocational class. theory-to-practice class. None of these choices are correct.
formal
Claire is in a program where she is matched with a member of the community who can help her to develop her interest in nonprofit organizational management. Claire is in a(n) _____ mentoring program.
level of education.
Claudia is a 23-year-old emerging adult. Her transition from school to work is most strongly influenced by her personality. level of education. geographic location. ethnic background.
Parental transmission of positive expectations to students was more predictive of higher academic achievement than direct parental academic involvement like checking homework.
In a recent meta-analysis of 169 research studies regarding parental expectations of academic success, what was one of the general findings? Parental expectations of academic success were related to income level as an adult. Parental transmission of positive expectations to students was more predictive of higher academic achievement than direct parental academic involvement like checking homework. Parental expectations of academic success were not correlated with the level of education obtained by the child. Parental expectations of academic success were more strongly related to the child's perceived academic competence than to high school GPA.
80 percent
In a recent survey it was found that approximately what percentage of part-time college students were employed?
at a two-year college
Jared wants to be an auto mechanic and to someday own his own shop. Where is Jared most likely to receive his education in automotive technology?
a lower likelihood of graduating from high school.
Jerry's friends are aggressive towards other students, and they frequently disrupt classes with their behaviors. A recent study indicates that Jerry's choice of friends is linked to
probably won't learn to take better pictures because she doesn't place a high value on that goal.
Miranda's grandfather is an avid photographer, and he wants to spend time teaching Miranda how to take better pictures. Miranda, on the other hand, is perfectly content to take pictures with her cell phone and does not even bother learning how to use a camera. She tries to act interested to please her grandfather, but research indicates that Miranda probably won't learn to take better pictures because she doesn't place a high value on that goal. will get caught up in her grandfather's enthusiasm and become a fairly good photographer herself. probably will improve somewhat but not as much as her grandfather would like. None of these choices are correct.
provide a framework for student learning
Mr. Hegy has positive expectations for all of his students. According to research, which of the following is Mr. Hegy likely to do? focus on academics rather than behavioral issues provide a framework for student learning ask low-level questions to give a feeling of success reward students who do well on tests
"I am working too many hours at my job, and I have not been putting in the time to study."
Ms. Hynes meets with Devon to discuss his low grade in her class. Educational psychologists recommend getting adolescents to attribute their poor performance to internal factors. Which of the following statements by Devon would indicate to Mrs. Hynes that he has this concept? "When you walk up and down the aisles while I am taking a test, you make me nervous." "My house is too noisy; I share a room with my younger brother, and he is a jerk!" "I am working too many hours at my job, and I have not been putting in the time to study." "Your tests are almost impossible to pass."
attributions.
Perceived causes of outcomes are known as
is related to increased risk of depression and suicide ideation.
Perfectionism
virtually nonexistent
Petra lives in Russia. What is the probability that she works and attends school? about 50 percent about 10 percent about 25 percent virtually nonexistent
be more cognitively engaged with their learning
Professor Daube teaches Theories of Personality. He has his students analyze the song lyrics of famous songwriters, past and present, and see if they can determine the writers' specific personality traits based on their writings. According to research, Professor Daube's students should _____ than students who are taught Theories of Personality by lectures only. be less motivated learn less be more cognitively engaged with their learning None of these choices are correct
Provide written evaluations that communicate her high expectations.
Professor Glass has high academic expectations for all of her chemistry students. Which of the following is the best way to help them reach their highest academic potential? Provide written evaluations that communicate her high expectations. Focus on critiquing the academic weaknesses of at-risk students. Leave most of them alone and avoid pressuring them. Provide written evaluations that critique the weaknesses of each student.
helpless orientation.
Research by Walter Mischel has indicated that delay of gratification during the preschool years is related to all of the following EXCEPT income during adulthood. academic success. helpless orientation. body mass index.
None of these choices are correct.
Research has shown that spending over 20 hours of time in paid labor while in school exposes students to good adult mentors. helps students to learn time management and social skills. is associated with developing a good work ethic. None of these choices are correct.
extrinsic factors
Rewards and punishments are _____ in adolescents' motivation.
intrinsic factors
Self-determination, curiosity, challenge, and effort are all _____ in adolescents' motivation.
intrinsic factors
Self-determination, curiosity, challenge, and effort are all _____ in adolescents' motivation. cognitive factors incentives extrinsic factors intrinsic factors
a proximal goal.
Simon tells his mother that he wants to have all of his homework done by dinnertime every day instead of waiting until after dinner to get started. This is an example of
helpless orientation.
Stephanie's biology class had to go to the computer and follow a set of directions that guided them through the steps that a surgeon would use to do open-heart surgery. Although most of her classmates thought it was a fun assignment, Stephanie said, "I'm horrible at these computer simulations," even though she has done them in other classes and done well. Stephanie showed a
positive expectations by the students, parents, and teachers were predictive of the students' academic status four years later.
A longitudinal study of tenth-grade students, their parents, and their teachers found that positive expectations by the students, parents, and teachers were predictive of the students' academic status four years later. early high school academic performance best predicted post-secondary academic achievement. socioeconomic status was the best predictor of what level of education students would attain. teachers' expectations alone best predicted post-secondary academic achievement.
higher-income minority students were more positive about school than were their less affluent peers.
A large-scale longitudinal study of more than 1,000 students in the United States found all of the following EXCEPT clear vocational goals did not guarantee a smooth transition to adult work. girls anticipated the same lifestyles as boys in terms of education and income. higher-income minority students were more positive about school than were their less affluent peers. engaging activities were essential to building optimism and resilience.
see a decrease in her grades.
Elena, a college junior, has gradually been increasing her hours at her job. According to research, Elena may develop a sleep disorder due to anxiety. see a decrease in her grades. learn efficiency techniques at work that help with studying. All of these choices are correct.
decreased self-confidence
Encouraging self-determination through personal choice in the classroom has been shown to be related to all of the following EXCEPT
decreased self-confidence
Encouraging self-determination through personal choice in the classroom has been shown to be related to all of the following EXCEPT decreased self-confidence engagement in academic activities. intrinsic motivation. All of these choices are correct.
this is a good idea; Farrah may get discouraged if she sets expectations that are unrealistic.
Farrah is a B-/C+ student in math. She tells her father that she wants to get an A in math from now on. Knowing how much his daughter struggles in math, her father says, "I'm glad that you want to work on your math grades. Let's aim for a B or B+ next term and we'll build on that. I'll help you make a plan." Researchers would say that Farrah will resent her father for suggesting that she work up to her goal with a plan. Farrah's father underestimates her and has probably just killed her motivation. Farrah doesn't need a plan to reach her goal; determination is enough. this is a good idea; Farrah may get discouraged if she sets expectations that are unrealistic.
an external attribution
Kayla, an honors student, received a C+ on her report on Pearl Harbor. She says that the teacher doesn't like her because she is an atheist and her teacher is a very religious woman. She believes that she received a low grade because of this dislike. Kayla is making _____ about the cause of her low paper grade. a fictional finalism an external attribution a paranoid delusion an internal attribution
"What's most important to you in your life?"
Leah, age 15, has no idea what she wants to do with her life. She's told to "study hard" but she does not have a long-term goal for life. Which of the following questions would be helpful in getting Leah to focus on her purpose in life?
"What's most important to you in your life?"
Leah, age 15, has no idea what she wants to do with her life. She's told to "study hard" but she does not have a long-term goal for life. Which of the following questions would be helpful in getting Leah to focus on her purpose in life? "What's most important to you in your life?" "When do you think you'll decide on a career?" "What courses will help you clarify your goals?" "How much money do you want to make over your lifetime of work?"
Liam may be quite a high achiever because he has adaptive motivational patterns.
Liam does not have as high an IQ as his twin brother, but Liam persists at his tasks and has confidence that he will be able to solve life's problems. According to research, we can predict Liam may be quite a high achiever because he has adaptive motivational patterns. Liam will probably give up easily and thus end up being a low achiever. Liam will not be as successful as his intellectually brighter twin. None of these choices are correct.
he will need help to choose the correct high-school courses that will position him to enter college with an engineering major.
Luke, age 15, wants to be an engineer. If Luke is like many high-school students, he knows what different careers he can have with a degree in engineering. he will need help to choose the correct high-school courses that will position him to enter college with an engineering major. he will not be realistic about his ability to complete an engineering degree in college. he knows how to go through the college-admission process.
natural mentoring.
Luz's neighbor, Dr. Spire, is a professor of sociology at a community college. Dr. Spire takes Luz to class with her when Luz is on school vacation, and she encourages Luz to think about attending college. Luz has great respect for Dr. Spire, and Dr. Spire loves watching Luz grow more confident in her ability to go on to college. This is an example of quasi-parental mentoring. natural mentoring. formal mentoring. upward-mobility mentoring.
A co-op is a paid apprenticeship in the student's career of choice.
What is a cooperative (co-op) education program?
setting challenging but realistic goals
Which of the following is NOT a self-handicapping strategy? minimal studying the night before a test declining to waste time learning subject matter that is too difficult putting off a project until the last minute setting challenging but realistic goals
setting challenging but realistic goals
Which of the following is NOT a self-handicapping strategy? putting off a project until the last minute minimal studying the night before a test declining to waste time learning subject matter that is too difficult setting challenging but realistic goals
geographical location
Which of the following is NOT a social context in career development? geographical location socioeconomic status influences of parents influences of peers
poverty
Which of the following is a significant predictor of less persistence on challenging tasks? having high rates of neuroticism popularity poverty being male
On average, high school students spend about seven hours a year with their guidance counselors.
Which of the following statements about adolescents and career exploration is NOT true? In many schools, students do not know what information to seek about careers. Adolescents often approach career exploration and decision making with considerable ambiguity, uncertainty, and stress. On average, high school students spend about seven hours a year with their guidance counselors. Many adolescents do not adequately explore careers on their own.
Careful selection of participants and monitoring of the mentor/student relationship are keys to success.
Which of the following statements about mentoring is TRUE? Having a parent-mentor is a better predictor of educational attainment than having other types of mentors. One of the largest mentoring programs is Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts. Programs are less successful with at-risk youth than youth who are not at risk. Careful selection of participants and monitoring of the mentor/student relationship are keys to success.
As the number of hours of work increases, so does the likelihood of dropping out of school.
Which of the following statements regarding college students and work is TRUE? Most colleges restrict the number of hours that students can work and still remain in good standing. As the number of hours of work increases, so does the likelihood of dropping out of school. Most colleges try to reserve some sections of classes for working students to make scheduling easier for these students. All of these choices are correct.
Setting extremely high standards for yourself so that success is nearly impossible is related to positive academic outcomes.
Which of the following statements regarding the obstacles to achievement is FALSE? One form of procrastination is spending a lot of time on one part of the assignment while never finishing the other parts of the assignment. Some students intentionally goof off before a test so that they can blame their failure on goofing off. Setting extremely high standards for yourself so that success is nearly impossible is related to positive academic outcomes. Moderate anxiety is related to good academic performance.
Setting extremely high standards for yourself so that success is nearly impossible is related to positive academic outcomes.
Which of the following statements regarding the obstacles to achievement is FALSE? Some students intentionally goof off before a test so that they can blame their failure on goofing off. Moderate anxiety is related to good academic performance. One form of procrastination is spending a lot of time on one part of the assignment while never finishing the other parts of the assignment. Setting extremely high standards for yourself so that success is nearly impossible is related to positive academic outcomes.
humanistic approaches
Which psychological approaches stress the importance of intrinsic motivation in achievement? existential approaches humanistic approaches psychoanalytical approaches behavioral approaches
