Ch. 11

what is the molecular mass of a water molecule?

18 amu

what is a compound?

2 or more elements chemically combined

if two protons are removed from an oxygen nucleus, the result is?

Carbon, oxygen atomic number is 8, so taking away 2 would leave us with 6 protons, this element is Carbon.

what is antimatter

It consists of particles that are just like those of ordinary matter except with opposite properties, such as opposite charge. when matter and antimatter collide, they annihilate each other and an explosion occurs due to this energy

T or F; protons carry a positive charge while electrons carry a negative charge, while neutrons do not carry any charge

T

T or F; air is a mixture of gases

True

which of these atoms has the greatest amount of electrical charge in its nucleus? uranium, helium, iron, gold, carbon

Uranium because it has the highest atomic number (92)

an atomic mass unit (amu) is 1/12 the mass of

a carbon atom

which of the following is not a compound? ammonia, salt, air, water, all are compounds

air

a molecule has? mass, energy, structure, all, none

all

which of the following is not a mixture? granite, cake, beach sand, air, all are mxitures

all are mixtures

the air in the room has ? mass, energy, weight, none, all

all, has mass bc it is composed of molecules that have mass, has weight bc it is affected by gravity and exerts a downward force, has energy bc its kinetic energy is due to the movement of its molecules and potential energy due to its position

if two protons are added to an oxygen nucleus, the result is

atomic number is now 10, so neon

how do you calculate molecular mass?

by adding up the atomic masses of all the atoms in the molecule

to change mercury into gold a pair of protons must be

can NOT be added or removed to change, to do this you would have to do transmutation

a force that determines the chemical properties of an atom is ? friction force, gravitational force, electrical force, nuclear force, none

electrical force

when carbon and oxygen atoms combine energy is ? taken in by the reaction, given off by the reaction, not involved

given off by the reaction, energy released in the form of heat and light

which of these statements is true? - a molecule is the smallest particle to exist - molecules form atoms that in turn determine chemical properties of a substance - chemical elements are made up of about 100 distinct molecules - molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retains chemical properties of a substance - none are true

molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retains chemical properties of a substance, if the molecule was broken down into atoms it would no longer have chemical properties.

the reason a granite block is mostly empty space is that the atoms in the granite are ? - in perpetual motion - mostly empty space themselves - held together by electrical forces - not as close together as they could be - invisible

mostly empty space themselves, bc

which of the following is electrically neutral?

neutron

solid matter is mostly empty space, the reason solids dont fall through one another is because

of electrical forces

in a electrically neutral atom the number of protons in the nucleus is balanced by an equal number of

orbital electrons

the smallest particle of those listed below is a ? quark, proton, neutron, atom, molecule

quark

Brownian motion has to do with the

random motions of atoms and molecules

in our part of the universe, antimatter is ? non-existent, plentiful, long-lived, short-lived

short-lived, bc it quickly annihilates upon contact with matter, which creates large amount of energy like explosion

assuming all the atoms exhaled by julius ceasar in his last dying breath are still in the atmosphere, then we probably breathe one of those atoms each? year, day, week, month, single breath, it depends

single breath, bc atoms are constantly circulating in the atmosphere, it is highly likely just one of those atoms we breathe in with each breath was exhaled by julius caesar.

if we doubled the magnifying power of the most powerful optical microscope in the world we would

still not be able to see or photograph an atom

if an astronaut landed on a planet made of antimatter, there would be an explosion and ? the planet would annihilate, an amount of planet matter equal to the astronaut would annihilate, the astronaut would annihilate, the astronaut and an equal amount of the planet would both annihilate

the astronaut and an equal amount of the planet would both annihilate, bc of the collision between matter and antimatter

what makes an element distinct ? number of protons, number of electrons, number of neutrons, all

the number of protons, bc the number of protons in an element determines its atomic number which is unique to each element, the number of neutrons and electrons can vary in an element but the protons always stay the same and determines the element to be that element

compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are

the same age, atoms have been around since formation of the universe and made in ancient stars.

compared to the energy it takes to separate oxygen and hydrogen from water, the amount of energy given off when the recombine is? less, more, same

the same, bc of the law of conservation of energy which means energy cannot be created nor destroyed only transferred or transformed.

there are about as many atoms of air in our lungs at any moment as there are breaths of air in the atmosphere of ? a large city, a large auditorium, the US, the whole world, none

the whole world

which of the following statements is true? - an atom is the smallest particle to exist - there are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances - there are thousands of different kinds of atoms that account for a wide variety of substances - a large atom can be photographer with the aid of an ordinary microscope - none

there are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances, (an atom is NOT the smallest particle to exist that would be a quark)

atoms heavier than helium were made by ? photosynthesis, thermonuclear fusion, radioactivity, none, radiant energy conversion

thermonuclear fusion,

how many different elements are in a water molecule

two. hydrogen and oxygen

which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons? uranium, helium, iron, gold, carbon

uranium, atomic number of 92 so 92 electrons

which of these atoms has the most mass? hydrogen, iron, lead, uranium, none

uranium, bc its amu is over 200