Ch. 12 Neural Tissue Test Bank
Which of the following types of nerve fiber possesses the fastest speed of impulse propagation? A) type A B) type B C) type C D) type D E) type E
type A
In a(n) ________ neuron, the dendrites and axon are continuous or fused. A) multipolar B) anaxonic C) unipolar D) bipolar E) none of the above
unipolar
Neurons in which dendritic and axonal processes are continuous and the soma lies off to one side are called A) anaxonic. B) unipolar. C) bipolar. D) tripolar. E) multipolar.
unipolar
Sensory neurons of the PNS are A) unipolar. B) bipolar. C) anaxonic. D) multipolar. E) tripolar.
unipolar
Neurotransmitter for release is stored in synaptic A) telodendria. B) knobs. C) vesicles. D) mitochondria. E) neurosomes.
vesicles
At the normal resting potential of a typical neuron, its Na-K ion exchange pump transports A) 1 intracellular sodium ion for 2 extracellular potassium ions. B) 2 intracellular sodium ions for 1 extracellular potassium ion. C) 3 intracellular sodium ions for 1 extracellular potassium ion. D) 3 intracellular sodium ions for 2 extracellular potassium ions. E) 3 extracellular sodium ions for 2 intracellular potassium ions.
3 intracellular sodium ions for 2 extracellular potassium ions.
The following are the steps involved in transmission at a cholinergic synapse. 1. Chemically gated sodium channels on the postsynaptic membrane are activated. 2. Calcium ions enter the synaptic knob. 3. Acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzes acetylcholine. 4. An action potential depolarizes the synaptic knob at the presynaptic membrane. 5. The synaptic knob reabsorbs choline. 6. Acetylcholine is released from storage vesicles by exocytosis. 7. Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. 8. Calcium ions are removed from the cytoplasm of the synaptic knob.
4, 2, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5.
The following are the main steps in the generation of an action potential. 1. Sodium channels are inactivated. 2. Voltage-gated potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the cell, initiating repolarization. 3. Sodium channels regain their normal properties. 4. A graded depolarization brings an area of an excitable membrane to threshold. 5. A temporary hyperpolarization occurs. 6. Sodium channel activation occurs. 7. Sodium ions enter the cell and depolarization occurs.
4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 5.
In the process of continuous action potential propagation, A) the action potential is triggered by graded depolarization of the initial segment. B) at threshold, sodium channels begin to open rapidly. C) local currents depolarize the region just adjacent to the active zone. D) local currents depolarize a sensitive spot distant from the active zone. E) A, B, and C
A, B, and C
The cytoskeleton of the perikaryon contains which of the following? A) neurofilaments B) neurofibrils C) neurotubules D) B and C only E) A, B, and C
A, B, and C
In the process of saltatory action potential propagation, A) the action potential is triggered by graded depolarization of the initial segment. B) at threshold, sodium channels begin to open rapidly. C) local currents depolarize the region just adjacent to the active zone. D) local currents depolarize a sensitive spot distant from the active zone. E) A, B, and D
A, B, and D
________ neurons are small and have no anatomical features that distinguish dendrites from axons. A) Multipolar B) Anaxonic C) Unipolar D) Bipolar E) none of the above
Anaxonic
________ neurons are short, with a cell body between dendrite and axon, and occur in special sense organs. A) Multipolar B) Anaxonic C) Unipolar D) Bipolar E) none of the above
Bipolar
________ line the brain ventricles and spinal canal. A) Astrocytes B) Satellite cells C) Oligodendrocytes D) Microglia E) Ependymal cells
Ependymal cells
________ are the most numerous type of neuron in the CNS. A) Sensory neurons B) Motor neurons C) Unipolar neurons D) Bipolar neurons E) Interneurons
Interneurons
________ neurons are the most common class in the CNS. A) Multipolar B) Anaxonic C) Unipolar D) Bipolar E) none of the above
Multipolar
_______ account for roughly half of the volume of the nervous system. A) Axons B) Dendrites C) Neuroglia D) Synapses E) Efferent fibers
Neuroglia
Clusters of RER and free ribosomes in neurons are called A) neurofilaments. B) neurofibrils. C) perikaryon. D) Nissl bodies. E) microglia.
Nissl bodies.
The neurilemma of axons in the peripheral nervous system is formed by A) astrocytes. B) satellite cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) Schwann cells.
Schwann cells.
________ neurons form the afferent division of the PNS. A) Visceral sensory B) Sensory C) Neural sensory D) Somatic sensory E) none of the above
Sensory
Deteriorating changes in the distal segment of an axon as a result of a break between it and the soma is called ________ degeneration. A) neural B) central C) peripheral D) Wallerian E) conduction
Wallerian
Cholinergic synapses release the neurotransmitter A) norepinephrine. B) adrenalin. C) serotonin. D) acetylcholine. E) GABA.
acetylcholine
The part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information to the CNS is designated A) motor. B) afferent. C) efferent. D) autonomic. E) somatic.
afferent
Active neurons need ATP to support which of the following? A) the movement of materials to the soma by axoplasmic transport B) the synthesis of neurotransmitter molecules C) the movement of materials from the soma by axoplasmic transport D) the recovery from action potentials E) all of the above
all of the above
The axoplasm of the axon contains which of the following? A) neurotubules B) mitochondria C) vesicles D) neurofibrils E) all of the above
all of the above
The effect that a neurotransmitter has on the postsynaptic membrane depends on A) the frequency of neurotransmitter release. B) the nature of the neurotransmitter. C) the characteristics of the receptors. D) the quantity of neurotransmitters released. E) all of the above
all of the above
The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system innervates: A) skeletal muscle cells B) smooth muscle cells C) heart muscle cells D) glandular cells E) all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following are types of neuroglia? A) ependymal cells B) microglia C) astrocytes D) oligodendrocytes E) all of the above
all of the above
The all-or-none principle states that A) all stimuli will produce identical action potentials. B) all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials. C) the greater the magnitude of the stimuli, the greater the magnitude of the action potential. D) only sensory stimuli can activate action potentials. E) only motor stimuli can activate action potentials.
all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials.
Neurons that are rare, small, and lack features that distinguish dendrites from axons are called A) anaxonic. B) unipolar. C) bipolar. D) tripolar. E) multipolar.
anaxonic
IPSPs (inhibitory postsynaptic potentials) A) are local depolarizations. B) are local hyperpolarizations. C) increase membrane permeability to sodium ions. D) block the efflux of potassium ions. E) block the efflux of calcium ions.
are local hyperpolarizations.
The largest and most numerous neuroglia in the CNS are the A) astrocytes. B) ependymal cells. C) microglia. D) oligodendrocytes. E) none of the above
astrocytes
The largest and most numerous of the glial cells in the central nervous system are the A) astrocytes. B) satellite cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymal cells.
astrocytes
The axon is connected to the soma at the A) telodendria. B) synaptic knobs. C) collaterals. D) axon hillock. E) synapse.
axon hillock.
The site in the neuron where EPSPs and IPSPs are integrated is the A) chemical synapse. B) electrical synapse. C) axon hillock. D) dendritic membrane. E) synaptic knob.
axon hillock.
Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite, with the soma in between, are called A) anaxonic. B) unipolar. C) bipolar. D) tripolar. E) multipolar.
bipolar
Opening of sodium channels in the axon membrane causes A) depolarization. B) repolarization. C) hyperpolarization. D) increased positive charge inside the membrane. E) both A and D
both A and D
The ion that triggers the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is A) sodium. B) potassium. C) calcium. D) chloride. E) magnesium.
calcium
The ________ nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord. A) autonomic B) peripheral C) central D) efferent E) afferent
central
Which type of synapse is most common in the nervous system? A) chemical B) electrical C) mechanical D) processing E) radiative
chemical
Branches that may occur along an axon are called A) telodendria. B) synaptic knobs. C) collaterals. D) hillocks. E) synapses.
collaterals
Functions of astrocytes include all of the following, except A) maintaining the blood-brain barrier. B) conducting action potentials. C) guiding neuron development. D) responding to neural tissue damage. E) forming a three-dimensional framework for the CNS.
conducting action potentials.
Integral membrane proteins that connect electrical synapses are called A) connexons. B) receptors. C) desmosomes. D) sodium channels. E) synapsins.
connexons
Which of the following is not a function of the nervous system? A) sense the internal and external environments B) integrate sensory information C) coordinate voluntary and involuntary activities D) direct long-term functions, such as growth E) control peripheral effectors
direct long-term functions, such as growth
EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials) occur when A) more potassium ions than usual leak out of a cell. B) more calcium ions than usual leak out of a cell. C) chloride ions enter a cell. D) extra sodium ions enter a cell. E) hyperpolarizations occur.
extra sodium ions enter a cell.
Which of the following is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain? A) glutamate B) gamma aminobutyric acid C) serotonin D) noradrenaline E) glycine
glutamate
Voltage-gated channels are present A) at the motor end plate. B) on the surface of dendrites. C) in the membrane that covers axons. D) on the soma of neurons. E) along the perikaryon of neurons.
in the membrane that covers axons.
Ion channels that are always open are called ________ channels. A) active B) gated C) leak D) regulated E) local
leak
Small, wandering cells that engulf cell debris and pathogens in the CNS are called A) astrocytes. B) satellite cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymal cells.
microglia
The sodium-potassium ion exchange pump A) must reestablish ion concentrations after each action potential. B) transports sodium ions into the cell during depolarization. C) transports potassium ions out of the cell during repolarization. D) moves sodium and potassium opposite to the direction of their electrochemical gradients. E) depends on a hydrogen gradient for energy.
moves sodium and potassium opposite to the direction of their
Neurons that have several dendrites and a single axon are called A) anaxonic. B) unipolar. C) bipolar. D) tripolar. E) multipolar.
multipolar
The most abundant class of neuron in the central nervous system is A) anaxonic. B) bipolar. C) multipolar. D) pseudopolar. E) unipolar.
multipolar
The same ________ can have different effects depending on the properties of the ________. A) neurotransmitter; receptor B) receptor; neurotransmitter C) substrate; receptor D) hormone; neurotransmitter E) propagation; neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter; receptor
Adrenergic synapses release the neurotransmitter A) acetylcholine. B) norepinephrine. C) dopamine. D) serotonin. E) GABA.
norepinephrine
The myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by A) astrocytes. B) satellite cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymal cells.
oligodendrocytes.
The cytoplasm that surrounds the nucleus of a neuron is called the A) protoplasm. B) nucleoplasm. C) sarcoplasm. D) neuroplasm. E) perikaryon.
perikaryon
After acetylcholinesterase acts, the synaptic knob A) reabsorbs the acetylcholine. B) reabsorbs the acetate. C) reabsorbs the choline. D) all of the above E) both B and C
reabsorbs the choline
The rabies virus travels to the CNS via A) anterograde axoplasmic transport. B) retrograde axoplasmic transport. C) blood vessels. D) subcutaneous connective tissue. E) cerebrospinal fluid.
retrograde axoplasmic transport.
Which of the following are a type of glial cell found in the peripheral nervous system? A) astrocytes B) satellite cells C) oligodendrocytes D) microglia E) ependymal cells
satellite cells
Glial cells that surround the neurons in ganglia are A) astrocytes. B) satellite cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymal cells.
satellite cells.
Which of the following activities or sensations is not monitored by interoceptors? A) sight B) taste C) activities of the digestive system D) cardiovascular activities E) urinary activities
sight
The ________ nervous system controls the skeletal muscles. A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) afferent D) somatic E) autonomic
somatic
The site of intercellular communication between neurons is the A) telodendria. B) synaptic knob. C) collateral. D) hillock. E) synapse.
synapse
If the chemically gated sodium channels in the postsynaptic membrane were completely blocked, A) synaptic transmission would fail. B) release of neurotransmitter would stop. C) smaller action potentials would result. D) both A and B E) A, B, and C
synaptic transmission would fail.
Axons terminate in a series of fine extensions known as A) telodendria. B) knobs. C) collaterals. D) dendrites. E) synapses.
telodendria
When a second EPSP arrives at a single synapse before the effects of the first have disappeared, what occurs? A) spatial summation B) temporal summation C) inhibition of the impulse D) hyperpolarization E) decrease in speed of impulse transmission
temporal summation
