Ch. 13 The Nekton: Swimmers of the Sea

Humpback whales

Long songs

Unlike most fishes, most sharks ______.

bear live young

About __% of bird species are considered marine.

3

How many bird species are marine?

3%

Which of the following characteristics are true about bony fish? (Select all that apply.)

All bony fish possess gills. Bony fish can hover in the water and swim backward. Most bony fish possess a swim bladder to maintain buoyancy.

Which of the following statements are true regarding walruses? (Mark all that apply.)

Both males and females have tusks. They have no external ears.

Which of the following characteristic is true regarding jawless fish?

Evolutionarily, they are the most primitive of fishes.

Which of the following are true about fish distribution in the ocean? (Mark all that apply.)

Fish populations are concentrated in shallow coastal areas. Fish can be found at all depths in the ocean. Fish can be found in all of the world's oceans.

Which of the following traits are common among sea snakes but not terrestrial snakes? (Mark all that apply.)

Flattened tail Ability to close the nostrils

Which of the following characteristics are found in sea turtles but not land turtles?

Front limbs flattened into paddles

Which of the following are examples of marine reptiles? (Mark all that apply.)

Gavial Marine iguana Green turtle

Which of the following are common adaptations for deep-sea bony fish species? (Mark all that apply.)

Hinged jaws Large, needlelike teeth Light organs on their bodies

Swimming marine invertebrates include which of the following? (Mark all that apply.)

Large shrimp Squid

Songs that last up to thirty minutes and that change each breeding season are produced by which marine mammals?

Male humpback whales

Which of the following are considered sea cows? (Mark all that apply.)

Manatees Dugongs

In 1972, the U.S. Congress established the ______, which includes a ban on the hunting and killing of all marine mammals and of the importation of any marine mammal or their products.

Marine Mammal Protection Act

Which of the following marine reptiles is a modern lizard, found in the Galápagos Islands, and has a flattened tail for swimming?

Marine iguana

Which of the following marine birds best fits this description: strong fliers, found mainly in coastal areas, and have a large beak with a pouch for catching fish?

Pelicans

Which of the following are examples of marine birds? (Mark all that apply.)

Puffins Terns Pelicans

Which of the following characteristics are true about sharks? (Mark all that apply.)

Receptors along the shark's sides are sensitive to touch, vibration, currents, sound, and pressure. Sharks have an acute sense of smell. Sharkskin is extremely abrasive, like sandpaper.

Female gray whales

Series of grunts

Which of the following are true of marine mammals? (Mark all that apply.)

Some marine mammals return to land to give birth. All marine mammals are warm-blooded. All marine mammals have hair at some point during their development.

Weddell seals

Squeaks

Which of the following statements are true regarding seals and sea lions? (Mark all that apply.)

They both have four characteristic flippers. They both need to rest and breed on land. They both have hair and blubber.

Which of the following characteristics of polar bears are true? (Mark all that apply.)

They have more problems with overheating than getting too cold. They are strong swimmers. They feed primarily on ringed seals.

Which seabird characteristics enable them to swim or dive in the ocean? (Mark all that apply.)

Webbed feet Ability to pull in their feathers close to their bodies to squeeze out trapped air Feathers that are waterproofed by an oily secretion called preen

The Marine Mammal Protection Act includes ______. (Mark all that apply.)

a ban on the hunting and killing of marine mammals a ban on the importing of any marine mammals or their products

Some whales use strainers of _____________ to catch small prey such as krill, whereas others have __________ to catch prey such as tuna.

baleen teeth

Osteichthyes is the name of the class of fish also referred to as __________ fish.

bony

Nekton are oceanic organisms that are _____. (Mark all that apply.)

capable of directing their movement through the neritic and pelagic environments either invertebrates or vertebrates

Whales belong to a group of mammals called ____________.

cetaceans

Sea otters are ______. (Mark all that apply.)

considered keystone predators in kelp forests the smallest marine mammals

___________ is the use of sound to picture the environment, and it is used by dolphins.

echolocation

Most bony fish are ______ or cold-blooded, with the exception of the tuna and mackerel shark family, which are ______, or warm-blooded.

ectothermic; endothermic

Fish are concentrated in the oceans' upwelling areas, shallow coastal areas, and ______.

estuaries

Marine snakes have _____ tails, but terrestrial snakes do not.

flattened-Flattened tails help marine snakes propel themselves in the water.

Marine mammals are ______, which means they can maintain a near-constant body temperature, frequently well above the mean water temperature in which they live.

homeotherms

The whales in the image possesses baleen and are most likely ______ whales.

humpback

Sea otters live ______, and they eat ______.

in kelp beds; sea urchins

Walruses live ____.

in the waters on both coasts of the Bering and Chukchi Seas

___________ fish have a sucking mouth with teeth or dental plates and lack paired fins and stomachs.

jawless

One example of a toothed whale is the __________whale featured in the image.

killer

The order Sirenia includes two members known as sea cows, the ________ and the ________ .

manatees dugongs

____________ include approximately 5000 species of invertebrates and vertebrates capable of swimming freely through the neritic and pelagic environments.

nekton

The purpose of whaling in the 1700s and 1800s was to hunt whales for their ________ and ________ .

oil baleen

Whaling was conducted in the 1700s and 1800s in order to get ______ from whales. (Mark all that apply.)

oil baleen

Seals and sea lions belong to the __________ , or "feather-footed" animals, named because of their four characteristic flippers.

pinnipeds

The ______ is the top predator in the Arctic, living up to twenty-five years, and possessing dense fur and blubber for insulation.

polar bear

Seabirds may drink seawater, so to remove excess salt from their bodies, _____.

salt becomes concentrated by a gland over their eyes and is removed by either dripping out or being blown through their nasal passages

____________ turtles cannot retract their heads into their shells, but __________ turtles can.

sea, land

The swimming marine invertebrate shown in the image is a .

squid

To adapt to a scarce food supply in the deep sea, some species of fish have ______. (Mark all that apply.)

teeth that point inward to lessen the potential for prey to escape expandable guts hinged jaws

Polar bears are found in ______. (Mark all that apply.)

the United States Greenland Russia Canada

Echolocation is ______.

the ability to use sound to picture the environment