Ch. 14-16

A.

In 1521, Charles V ordered Luther to appear before the A) Diet of Worms. B) Council of Augsburg. C) Diet of Wittenburg. D) Tribunal of the Holy Office. E) Court of the Holy Office.

C.

In order to pay for the HabsburgValois wars, the French monarchs A) instituted taxes on the nobility. B) sold many Renaissance masterpieces. C) sold public offices. D) confiscated monastic lands. E) imposed a salt tax.

A.

In the fifteenth century, many clerics held more than one benefice, a practice known as A) pluralism. B) simony. C) investiture. D) indulgence. E) councilarism.

D.

Martin Luther wrote his letter entitled "NinteyFive Theses" to Archbishop Albert in response to A) Luther's personal struggle with the question of salvation. B) the election of Charles V. C) the draining of Germany's wealth by the papacy. D) a new campaign to sell indulgences. E) the construction of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.

E.

Michel de Montaigne invented the A) one-act play. B) history play. C) sonnet. D) sonata. E) essay.

A.

The European kingdom that took the lead in overseas exploration was A) Portugal. B) Spain. C) France. D) England. E) the Netherlands.

A.

The French invasion of Italy at the end of the fifteenth century was predicted by A) Savonarola. B) Dante. C) Machiavelli. D) Lorenzo de Medici. E) Francesco Sforza.

C.

The leaders of the Catholic church A) ignored the Renaissance. B) attempted to crush the secularism of the Renaissance. C) readily adopted the Renaissance spirit, especially when it came to art. D) used Renaissance ideals to promote moral reform. E) came to believe that the Renaissance had caused the Reformation.

C.

According to Calvin, the elect were A) the leaders of the Genevan Consistory. B) the intellectual leaders of the Reformation. C) those individuals chosen for salvation. D) all protestants. E) the elected ministers of the church.

D.

According to Machiavelli, the sole test of "good" government was whether it A) provided the necessary public services. B) was based on Christian morality. C) protected the liberty of its citizens. D) was effective. E) improved the economy.

A.

According to the Dutch humanist Erasmus, the key to reform was A) education. B) control of the papacy. C) a pious life. D) the concerted effort that only a strong state could afford. E) adherence to church dogma.

D.

All of the following were factors in Elizabeth I's decision to intervene in the Dutch revolt except A) damage to the English wool industry. B) the assassination of William the Silent. C) the fall of Antwerp to the Spanish. D) the impact of inflation on the Spanish economy. E)fear of a Spanish invasion of England.

D.

As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the people of Germany A) remained Catholics. B) were able to practice the religion of their choice. C) converted to Lutheranism. D) became either Lutheran or Catholic depending on the preference of their prince. E) threw off the papal yoke.

D.

At the end of the sixteenth century, the commercial capital of the European world was A) Lisbon. B) Madrid. C) London. D) Amsterdam. E) Seville.

B.

Baroque art was A) reserved for rich patrons and the educated elite. B) considered Catholic art and intended to kindle the faith of the common people. C) banned in Protestant countries. D) simple and austere, lacking in emotion. E) first developed in the Netherlands.

A.

Before the Portuguese gained control of the spice trade in the Indian Ocean, the trade had been controlled by the A) Muslims. B) Venetians. C) Spanish. D) Byzantines. E) Ming Chinese.

B.

By 1300, most of the Italian citystates were ruled by either signori or A) kings. B) oligarchies. C) elected assemblies. D) ecclesiastical princes. E) bishops.

C.

Calvin's reform movement A) was suppressed by the civil authorities in Geneva. B) was restricted to Switzerland and France. C) was thoroughly integrated into the civil government of Geneva. D) rejected any role in the secular government of Geneva. was quickly rejected by the citizens in Geneva.

E.

Castiglione's manuel on gentlemanly conduct A) focused on ridding oneself of vermin. B) suggested that early choice of a profession was crucial in becoming a gentleman. C) asserted that real men need not learn French. D) insisted that the real gentleman show Christian humility and kindness toward the downtrodden. E) suggested that gentlemen cultivate their abilities in a variety of fields, athletics to music to art to mathematics.

E.

During the Renaissance, the status of upper-class women A) improved. B) remained unchanged. C) improved relative to medieval woman. D) varied from city to city. E) declined.

E.

European overseas expansion was facilitated by all of the following innovations except the A) use of sail power. B) caravel. C) mounting of cannon on naval vessels. D) astrolabe. E) gallery.

A.

For ordinary women, the Renaissance A) had very little impact. B) improved the material conditions of their lives. C) worsened their status. D) allowed them access to education for the first time. E) opened up access to new livelihoods.

E.

France supported the Protestant princes of Germany in order to A) spread Protestantism. B) prevent English influence from increasing in Germany. C) contain Protestantism east of the Rhine. D) facilitate the Turkish attack on the Habsburgs. E) keep Germany politically fragmented.

C.

In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that A) supported the efforts of the Puritans. B) emphasized personal and public religious conformity. C) was a middle course between Catholic and Protestant extreems. D) favored Catholic over Protestants. E) imported Scottish Presbyterianism into England.

A.

In the early sixteenth century, critics of the church attacked all of the following except A) the academic pursuits of the clergy. B) clerical immorality. C) the ignorance of the parish clergy. D) the problems of pluralism and absenteeism. E) the way money changed hands when a bishop entered office.

E.

In the seventeenth century, the Dutch East India Company A) established outposts in New York (New Amsterdam) and elsewhere in the Americas. B) handled the shipment of gold and silver bullion from Spanish America to Spain. C) took over the Philippines from Spain. D) established bases in the Caribbean. E) took over much of the East Indies from Portugal.

A.

Italian balance-of-power diplomacy a) was designed to prevent a single Italian state from dominating the peninsula. B) successfully prevented foreign domination of Italy. C) was primarily concerned with controlling the papacy. D) was critical to the economic success of Italy. E) led to Venetian domination of the Italian peninsula.

A.

Italian humanists stressed the A) study of the classics for what they could reveal about human nature. B) study of the classics in order to understand the divine nature of God. C) absolute authority of classical texts. D) role of the church in the reform of society. E) study of the Revelation for a clue to the date of the Second Coming.

B.

John Knox was influential in the Reformation in A) Ireland. B) Scotland. C) Switzerland. D) Sweden. E) Swabia.

E.

Luther believed that the church consisted of A) the entire body of the clergy. B) the elect. C) all those who supported his views. D) the saints and Christ, not of human beings. E) the entire community of Christian believers.

A.

Luther's ideas about Roman exploitation of Germany A) appealed to the political aspirations of German princes. B) were met with dismay by the ruling elite. C) led to administrative reform in the Empire. D) found an audience only among the peasantry. E) are generally considered paranoid by modern historians.

A.

Peter Paul Rubens is best remembered as A) a painter whose work exemplifies the sensuality of Baroque painting. B) the leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish. C) a Huguenot leader in France. D) the writer who developed the essay as a literary genre. E) the foremost Baroque composer.

B.

Prince Henry of Portugal is significant for his A) role in subduing the Dutch revolt. B) support of exploration. C) support of the Protestants in the Thirty Years' War. D) opposition to slavery. E) rounding of the Cape of Good Hope in 1498.

B.

Recent research on the English church before Henry VIII's break with Rome indicates that A) a vast gap existed between the clergy and the English people. B) the church was in a very healthy condition. C) conditions in England mirrored those on the continent. D) clerical abuse and ignorance was worse in England than on the continent. E) a majority of English Catholics were Lollards.

C.

Royal authority in Spain was enhanced by all of the following except A) the revival of the hermandades. B) the retention of the confederation structure among the kingdoms. C) the recruitment of men trained in Roman law into the government bureaucracy. D) control of the church hierarchy. E) the restructuring of the royal council.

B

THe doctrine of indulgences rests on all of the following principles except A) belief that God is both merciful and just. B) belief in salvation by faith alone. C) belief that Christ and the saints established a treasury of merit. D) belief that the church has the authority to grant sinners access to the treasury of merit. E) the doctrine rests on all four of these principles.

C.

The Brethren of the Common Life represent A) the extent of Protestant conversions in Italy. B) the power and appeal of John Calvin's message. C) an example of pre-Reformation reform movements within the church. D) a typical response of the papacy to the Reformation. E) the persistence of Lollardism in England.

C.

The Catholic Reformation, started the 1540s as a response to the Protestant Reformation, A) sought to reform the liturgy of the Catholic church. B) sought to restore the conciliar movement. C) sought to initiate institutional reform. D) sought to simulate a new spiritualism. E) was ineffectual.

E.

The Concordat of Bologna between France and _________ helps explain why France did not become a Protestant country. A) Spain B) England C) the Holy Roman Empire D) Portugal E) the papacy

E.

The Edict of Nantes A) ended the Thirty Years' War. B) proclaimed religious tolerance for Catholics, Lutherans, and Calvinists throughout the Holy Roman Empire. C) liberated all Christian slaves in France. D) restored Catholicism in England. E) provided conditions for the peaceful coexistence of Calvinism and Catholicism in France.

C.

The French royal budget in the first half of the sixteenth century was strained by both the Habsburg-Valois wars and A) loss of feudal dues and rents. B) overseas exploration. C) extravagant promotion of the arts by the monarch. D) the military defeats of the Thirty Years' War. E) the Price Revolution.

B.

The Genevan Consistory A) regulated the behavior of Genevans in a manner consistent with other European cities. B) severely regulated the conduct of Genevans. C) routinely harbored religious dissenters from around Europe. D) attempted to suppress Calvinism. E) included Calvinist, Lutheran, and Zwinglian representatives.

D.

The Index was A) a list of official doctrines of the Catholic church. B) a list of individuals condemned by the Roman Inquisition. C) the cardinals who directed the Roman Inquisition. D) a catalog of forbidden reading. E) Luther's commentaries on the Scriptures.

C.

The Italian Renaissance had as one of its central components A) Christian humility. B) a concern for the improvement of society in general. C) a glorification of individual genius. D) the attempt to use art to educate the urban masses. E) rejection of the Scriptural authority.

A.

The Peace of Westphalia was signed in A) October, 1648. B) January, 1630. C) May, 1668. D) February, 1652. E) December, 1627.

B.

The Protestant Reformation in Germany A) weakened the power of the secular states. B) compounded problems that had existed since the Middle Ages. C) destroyed Habsburg influence in the Empire. D) helped pace the way for a unified nation. E) did not take root.

A.

The Reformation in England was primarily the result of A) dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII. B) the missionary activity of the Lollards. C) the terrible conditions then existing in the English churches. D) efforts by Luther and his followers. E) Elizabeth I's conversion to Presbyterianism.

D.

The Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre A) was the event that sparked the Dutch revolt. B) resulted in the Concordat of Bologna. C) was caused by the Edict of Nantes. D) exemplified the hatred between the French Catholics and Protestants. E) was a mass burning of accused witches.

A.

The Star Chamber A) dealt with noble threats to royal power in England. B) was dominated by the great nobles of England. C) was the English equivalent of the Spanish Inquisition. D) dealt with the finances of the English government. E) was largely staffed by conversos.

A.

The Thirty Years' War began in A) Bohemia. B) Prussia. C) Denmark. D) Sweden. E) France.

A.

The Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis between France and _________ was signed in 1559. A) Spain B) the Holy Roman Empire C) England D) Portugal E) the papacy

B.

The Tudors won the support of the upper middle class by A) reforming the church. B) promoting peace and social order. C) restricting the wages of the working class. D) lowering taxes and subsidizing the wool industry. E) opening up officerships in the Navy to them.

D.

The _________ recognized the French king's rights to select French bisops and abbots. A) Concordat of Worms B) Peace of Paris C) Treaty of Milan D) Concordat of Bologna E) Accord of Naples

D.

The caravel was A) the palace of the Spanish king. B) the Catholic festival occurring just before Lent. C) an instrument to measure the elevation of the starts ro the sun above the horizon. D) a three-masted sailing vessel developed in Portugal. E) a new type of light and mobile field cannon first used by the French in the Thirty Years' War.

A.

The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 A) prevented Philip II from reuniting western Europe under Catholic rule. B) impeded the flow of silver from the New World to Spain. C) ended Spanish attempts to subdue the revolt in the Netherlands. D) prevented Spanish from protecting its possessions in the New World. E) allowed the English to conquer Ireland.

A.

The dissolution of the English monasteries A) resulted from Henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth. B) resulted in a more equitable distribution of land. C) deeply disturbed the English upper classes. D) was the result of rebellious activities by the monks. E) was reversed by Elizabeth I.

A.

The first artistic and literary manifestation of the Italian Renaissance appeared in A) Florence. B) Rome. C) Venice. D) Naples. E) Siena.

D.

The fourth, or _________, phase of the Thirty Years' War began in 1635. A) Danish B) Bohemian C) Swedish D) French E) Dutch

D.

The invention of the movable type led to all the following except A) increased literacy. B) the used of government propaganda. C) the inculcation of national loyalties. D) the use of French as the language of polite society. E) the creation of invisible publics of silent readers.

A.

The new religious order for women that emerged in the sixteenth century was the A) Ursuline Order. B) Society of Jesus. C) Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office. D) Colloquy of Marburg. E) Evangelines.

B.

The northern humanists believed that human nature A) was fundamentally corrupt. B) was fundamentally good. C) was incapable of improvement. D) remained unaffected by Adam and Eve's fall. E) was fixed and unchangeable.

D.

The overriding goal of the Catholic religious orders established in the sixteenth century was A) institutional reform. B) reconciliation with Protestantism. C) to combat heresy and Protestantism. D) to uplift the spiritual condition of both the clergy and laity. E) conversion of Asians and Africans.

A.

The primary motivation for European explorers was A) material profit. B) population pressure. C) crusading zeal. D) Renaissance curiosity. E) fear of the Black Death.

B.

The quinto was A) the general term for the Spanish colonial administration. B) a Spanish tax on all precious metals mined in its colonies. C) the term for African slaves in Portugal. D) the term used to describe the decimation of the natives of Hispaniola. E) the forced labor duty imposed on all natives in some viceroyalties.

A.

The seven northern provinces of the Netherlands formed the _________ and in 1581 declared their independence from Spain. A) Union of Utrecht B) League of Amsterdam C) Federation of the North D) nation of Holland E) United Dutch States

D.

The subjugation of the Italian peninsula by outside invaders was A) the product of the invaders' overwhelming superiority. B) the result of the economic collapse of Italy. C) inevitable. D) the result of the Italians' failure to coordinate a common defense. E) the result of a papal invitation to the French king to intervene.

E.

The term humanism, as used in the context of the Renaissance, refers to A) insistence that Italian cities respect individual human rights. B) the belief that man was responsible for his own fate and God was dead. C) an anthropomorphic conception of God. D) belief in the perfectability of man. E) study of the Latin classics for moral education and insights into human nature.

C.

Thomas More's Utopia placed the blame for society's problems on A) human nature. B) God's will. C) society itself. D) the individual. E) King Henry VIII.

C.

Ulrich Zwingli attacked all of the following except A) indulgences. B) monasticism. C) the doctrine of the Trinity. D) clerical celibacy. E) the Mass.

B.

When Charles V abdicated, his son Philip received all of the following except A) the kingdom of Sicily. B) Austria. C) the Low Countries. D) Spain. E) Milan.

C.

_________ published the Edict of Nantes in 1598. A) Francis I B) Henry II C) Henry IV D) Louis XII E) Louis X

A.

_________'s Decameron embodied the new secular spirit. A) Boccaccio B) Pico della Mirandola C) Petrarch D) Da Vinci E) Lorenzo Valla

A.

_________'s Gargantua and Pantagruel is a comic masterpiece. A) Rabelais B) Moore C) Erasmus D) Colet E) Van Eyck

B.

_________'s Institutes of the Christian Religion laid out the core elements of his theology. A) Luther B) Calvin C) Zwingli D) Knox E) Servetus

B.

_________'s On the Dignity of Man argued that there are no limits on what humans can achieve. A) Lorenzo Valla B) Pico della Mirandola C) Da Vinci D) Dante E) Petrarch