ch 15

Since the 1970s, union membership among government workers has _____.

remained about the same

The organizational structure that gives a union the most power is a(n) _____ shop.

closed

Under a union shop arrangement, an employee must join the union within ____ days after being hired.

30

What would happen if the NLRB found out that management threatened job loss or loss of benefits for its employees in order to influence votes?

The NLRB may set aside the results of an election.

What does a win-win solution to labor relations require on the part of a union and its members?

They understand the limits of what an employer can afford to pay in a competitive marketplace.

What is the confederation of unions that attempts to represent the mutual interests of its members at the national level?

AFL-CIO

Involves day-to-day issues to be resolved; often uses a formal grievance procedure

Administering contracts

Which of the following happens when a union is decertified?

An existing union is voted out.

_____ union membership offers services such as credit cards and discounted health insurance, but it has no ties to the employee's workplace and does not provide representation in collective bargaining.

Associate

True or false: To avoid a strike, a mediator has authority to mandate a resolution.

False

What types of actions can be taken by the NLRB in response to an unfair labor practice?

Order a reinstatement of workers. Issue a cease-and-desist order.

Which is not a typical step in a grievance procedure initiated by an employee?

Sharing employee grievances with local media.

Right-to-work laws make which types of shops illegal?

agency. union.

All of the following are reasons for a decline in union membership except _____.

an increase in immigrant union workers

What is the formal intervention by a third party to prevent a strike and determine a settlement that is binding on both parties?

arbitration

Under a checkoff provision, union dues are _____.

automatically taken out of the worker's paycheck

Jamie's union dues are automatically deducted from her paycheck. This deduction is called a(n) _____ provision.

checkoff

The Taft-Hartley Act gave states the option of enacting right-to-work laws, which are based on the legal concept that forcing workers to join a union or pay union dues violates their right to ______.

choose whether to join a union or other group. freedom of association.

Which of the following is NOT a strategy legally employed by management when dealing with union organizing campaigns?

coercing workers not to unionize

The teachers union has been negotiating with the school board on behalf of all the teachers for a 4% pay increase and two additional sick days each year. The teachers union is in the process of _____.

collective bargaining

A union might decide to bring public, financial, or political pressure on employers during union organization and contract negotiation. This is called a(n) _____ campaign.

corporate

A labor union whose members all have the same skill or occupation is called a

craft union

The action that provides the right to vote out an existing union is called ____.

decertifying

finder is a third party who explains the reasons for a dispute, along with the perspectives and arguments from both sides, and possibly suggests a settlement.

fact

In most states, it is illegal for a federal worker to _____.

go on strike

Fact finders are typically used in negotiations with _____.

government entities

Shondra is a comptroller and has worked at both the local and state level in this position. She has been able to retain her same membership in the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees regardless of the level she worked at. Shondra is a member of a(n) _____ union.

industrial

The specialty that helps managers and union leaders resolve conflict is called _____.

labor relations

An employer excludes workers from a workplace until they meet certain conditions. This is referred to as a ______.

lockout

Under _____ of membership rules, employees are not forced to join the union, but if they do, they must remain members for a specific period of time.

maintenance

According to the majority of research studies, union workers are _____.

more productive than workers who are not unionized

Strikes have become uncommon, primarily because _____.

most often they are not in the best interest of unions or management

Which level of government does the AFL-CIO approach in its representation of member unions?

national

After an employer recognizes a union, management continues in its goal to increase _____.

output

The Taft-Hartley Act and the Landrum-Griffin Act both prohibited union practices that were considered _____.

unfair to employers and union members

When does the union organizing process begin?

when union representatives approach employees and ask them to sign an authorization card

When arbitration is labeled as , ____ it means the parties have to accept it.

binding

The Taft-Hartley Act provided for right-to-work laws that could be passed by the _____ government.

state

Organizations that represent workers in negotiations with employers are called _____.

unions

The deadline for filing a charge of unfair labor practices with the NLRB is _____ after the incident occurred.

6 months

True or false: The final stage of labor negotiations is always held in public.

False

The collective bargaining agreement taking place with the Riverdale Fire Fighters Union involves the Fire Superintendent and five people representing all of the firefighters. These individuals are part of the ______.

bargaining structure

For an employee to be part of a closed shop, he or she must _____.

belong to a union before being hired

The union strategy known as the _____ provision is an agreement that if a certain percentage of employees sign an authorization card, the employer will acknowledge the union.

card-check

Negotiations between union representatives and management to arrive at a contract defining terms of employment for the term of the contract is referred to as _____.

collective bargaining

The National Labor Relations Act provided unions with a stronger voice through its support of _____.

collective bargaining

What are the three levels of decisions involved with labor relations?

contract negotiation. labor relations strategy. contract administration.

Since the 1980s, membership in unions in the United States has been _____.

decreasing steadily.

Which are responsibilities of the National Labor Relations Board?

determine the appropriate bargaining unit. determine which employees are eligible to participate in organizing activities. conduct and certify elections.

Employers typically judge a grievance procedure based on whether or not it is ______.

efficient. effective.

In a lockout, an employee does not return to work until specific conditions are satisfied. This happens at the request of the _____.

employer

The two primary responsibilities of the National Labor Relations Board are to conduct and certify the election of union representation and to _____.

ensure the fairness of labor practices

Which of the following characteristics apply to a worker center?

file claims for unpaid wages. help to organize union campaigns.

Labor unions strive to negotiate pay and working conditions that benefit their members. These goals are most often achieved when the union _____.

gains more members

Unions sometimes help businesses retain employees, because they _____.

give employees possible ways to resolve problems

When disputes arise over the violation or interpretation of a collective bargaining agreement, the process for resolving the disagreement is referred to as a(n) _____ procedure.

grievance

Which individuals would not be covered by the NLRA?

individuals who work for the federal government. individuals working as agricultural laborers. individuals employed as a supervisor.

In _____ labor unions such as the Communication Workers of America, all the members work in the same industry, but the union represents various occupations.

industrial

A feature of the Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959 is that _____.

its purpose is to regulate the activities of union officials and the use of union funds

A union contract stipulation that an employer will not resist unions attempting to become established elsewhere in the company is called a(n) _____ provision.

neutrality

The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers is a craft union because all of the members have the same _____.

occupation

An employee elected by union members to represent them in ensuring that the terms of the labor contract are enforced is called a union _____.

steward

In which type of secret-ballot election does the NLRB dictate when and where the election will be held, what will be on the ballot, and how eligibility will be determined?

stipulation

A pact by a group of union members to refuse to work until their demands or conditions are met is referred to as a

strike

For each situation, collective bargaining will differ in terms of the range of employees and employers covered by the contract. This represents the bargaining ______.

structure

Which level of management has the most direct contact with workers interested in organizing a union?

supervisors

For which of the following may the NLRB set aside the results and call for a new election?

there were threats of job loss or benefits by the employer to influence votes. there were threats or actual occurrences of violence to influence votes.

For which of the following may the NLRB set aside the results and call for a new election?

there were threats or actual occurrences of violence to influence votes. there were threats of job loss or benefits by the employer to influence votes.

What are the two main goals of a labor union?

to ensure an appropriate working environment. to negotiate suitable pay.

What are the duties of a union steward?

to investigate complaints lodged by workers against employers. to make sure the contract between workers and employers is properly enforced. to represent employees during grievance procedures against managers.

Amir works as an auto mechanic. At his shop, he belongs to a group that represents all of the mechanics when there is a need to approach management regarding wages and benefits. This group is an example of a(n) _____.

union

Which organizational structure requires employees to join the union within a specific time after being hired?

union shop

The outcome of labor negotiations often depends on _____.

which side can survive a strike

Before the union organizing process can go forward, what percentage of workers must sign an authorization card?

30%

its purpose is to regulate the activities of union officials and the use of union funds

A feature of the Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959 is that _____.

When deciding whether to discourage workers from forming a union, which of the following is typically NOT one of management's concerns?

A union will increase productivity.

In a (_____) election, the employer and the union agree on when and where the election will be held, what will be on the ballot, and how to determine who is eligible to vote.

CONSENT

Labor relations strategy

Involves decisions about whether to work with unions or develop nonunion operations

From the employees standpoint, what is the overriding concern of a grievance procedure?

Is it fair?

What federal agency enforces the National Labor Relations Act?

NLRB (National Labor Relations Board)

What legislation, passed in 1935, ensured that collective bargaining would be the favored method to resolve conflict between managers and workers?

National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)

Which entity is responsible for ensuring that the union organizing process is followed and if appropriate, conducts elections?

National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

Involves decisions about pay structure, job security, work rules, and workplace safety

Negotiating contractsvv

The most common alternative to a strike is the use of _____.

a mediator

According to maintenance of membership rules, an employee who joins the union must remain a member for _____.

a specified period of time

Which person would be covered by the National Labor Relations Act?

a worker going on strike to secure better working conditions

Historically, it has been thought that, in union-management relations, the two parties are _____.

adversaries

The _____ shop agreement requires the payment of union dues, but it does not require the employee to join the union.

agency

Will is required to pay union dues at his company, but he is not required to be a member of the union. This is an example of a(n) _____ shop.

agency