CH 16
Anarchists oppose all forms of government
True
Which census revealed for the first time that there were more non-farming jobs than farming jobs in the United States?
1880
By 1897 the united states had more of this than all European nations combined
railroads
Which type of industry did Andrew Carnegie make his fortune? Answer Selected Answer:
steel
Between 1870 in 1920, how many immigrants arrived from overseas?
25 million
The Legal Tender Act of 1862
Allowed for the printing of paper currency
Which of the following was not a key episode of the "great upheaval" of 1886?
America's first nationwide railroad strike
Second Industrial Revolution
Beginning in the late nineteenth century, a wave of technological innovations, especially in iron and steel production, steam and electrical power, and telegraphic communications, all of which spurred industrial development and urban growth.
Trust
Business arrangement that gives a person or corporation (the "trustee") the legal power to manage another person's money or another company without owning those entities outright.
Carnegie Steel Company
Corporation under the leadership of Andrew Carnegie that came to dominate the American steel industry.
According to Social Darwinism, government should seek to help the poor, and build an activist state to regulate the nation's corporations. Answer Selected Answer:
False
The new Indian tribes that migrated to the Great Plains were greeted with open arms and friendly words by the Indians already living there. Answer Selected Answer:
False
Which of the following was not a major reason for the decline and subjugation of the American Indian?
Indifference to the advantages of guns and horses weakened Indian resistance to U.S. military power.
What title was given to the political and economic leaders during the Gilded Age
Robber Barons
Which of the following was not a theme of Social Darwinism?
The growing gulf between the haves and the have-nots poses a dire threat to American freedom.
By the early 1890s, a pension system for Union soldiers, their widows and children, consumed more than 40 percent of the federal budget. Answer Selected Answer:
True
The Knights of Labor regarded inequalities of wealth and power as a growing threat to American democracy. Answer Selected Answer:
True
Which of the following was not a cause of industrial growth in the era following the civil war?
a resurging southern economy
According to Eric Foner, the federal government contributed to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century by:
granting land to railroads, removing Indians from desirable lands in the West, and enacting high tariffs.
When one company buys or forces out all of their competitors it is participating in
horizontal integration
Which was not a central factor in the explosive economic growth in the second Industrial Revolution?
low tariffs
Andrew Carnegie is best associated with which industry
steel
The homestead strike ended with
the workers union destroyed and their leaders imprisoned
Because of this machine and the belief that women were more dexterous than men the post civil war era saw an increase in the female workforce in businesses
typewriter
Trust
Business arrangement that gives a person or corporation (the 'trustee') the legal power to manage another person's money or another company without owning those entities outright.
Which of the following was not true of the second industrial revolution?
A boom in automobile manufacture spurred the rise of oil, rubber, and steel production.
Knights of Labor
A national labor organization with a broad reform platform; reached peak membership in the 1880s.
Pullman Strike (1894)
A national strike by the American Railway Union, whose members shut down major railways in sympathy with striking workers in Pullman, Illinois; ended with intervention of federal troops
Pullman Strike (1894)
A national strike by the American Railway Union, whose members shut down major railways in sympathy with striking workers in Pullman, Illinois; ended with intervention of federal troops.
Laissez-faire
An economic doctrine holding that businesses and individuals should be able to pursue their economic interests without government interference.
J. Pierpont Morgan and Company
An investment bank under the leadership of J. Pierpont Morgan that bought or merged unrelated American companies, often using capital acquired from European investors.
By 1900, ___ of college students were women
1/3
Holding company
Corporation established to own and manage other companies' stock rather than to produce goods and services itself.
What Indian chief said, "If the white man wants to live in peace with the Indian he can live in peace. There need be no trouble. Treat all men alike. Give them the same law. Give them all and even chance to live and grow"? Answer Selected Answer:
Chief Joseph
The sandlot incident was aimed at protesting the hiring of what group of immigrants
Chinese
The phrase that best captures the vision of the Knights of Labor is:
Cooperative commonwealth
Holding Company
Corporation established to own and manage other companies stock rather than to produce goods and services itself.
Monopoly
Corporation so large that it effectively controls the entire market for its products or services.
Standard Oil Company
Corporation under the leadership of John D. Rockefeller that attempted to dominate the entire oil industry through horizontal and vertical integration.
What is the term given to describe the ability of companies to afford technological improvements and the workforces to propel them into the modern age?
Economies of scale
American presidents during the Gilded Age exerted strong, effective, executive leadership. Answer Selected Answer:
False
Andrew Carnegie invented the process that enabled a dramatic increase in the steel production.
False
At the Battle of Little Big Horn, General George Armstrong Custer's troops were victorious. Answer Selected Answer:
False
By the 1880's most states had outlawed child labor
False
During the two decades following the Civil War which were known as the golden age of the cattle kingdom, cowboys were highly paid. Answer Selected Answer:
False
Ida Tarbell authored the famous novel House of Mirth, which depicted the downfall of a young woman trying to "marry up" in society. Answer Selected Answer:
False
The Democrats were the party of big government; the Republicans were the party of laissez-faire. Answer Selected Answer:
False
The Haymarket affair was a peaceful protest against the use of child labor
False
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which banned combinations and practices that restrain free trade, proved an immediate success, both for its clarity of language and ease of enforcement. Answer Selected Answer:
False
The Social Gospel movement concentrated on attacking individual sins such as drinking and Sabbath-breaking and saw nothing immoral about the pursuit of riches. Answer Selected Answer:
False
The West was a remarkably homogeneous region—only in the twentieth century would it become ethnically diverse. Answer Selected Answer:
False
With the mechanization of manufacture, skilled workers virtually disappeared from industrial America. Answer Selected Answer:
False
Yale professor William Graham Sumner believed that America could achieve its ideals only with fair, progressive, taxation. Answer Selected Answer:
False
American Federation of Labor
Founded in 1886 as a national federation of trade unions made up of skilled workers.
Which of the following industries was the US not a world leader in by 1900?
Gold
Which of the following can be associated with the death of the Knights of Labor? Answer Selected Answer:
Haymarket Square
The process Rockefeller used to gain control of his company's industry is known as
Horizontal integration
In the late nineteenth century, the Republican Party found particularly strong support among all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer:
Irish-Americans.
After the civil war what was the complaint about the federal tariff?
It was not forcing American companies to be competitive with their prices
This man created the US first billion dollar corporation
J.P. Morgan
Which of the following is an example of a land grant college
Kansas State University
Homestead Steel Strike (1892)
Labor conflict at the Homestead steel mill near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents hired by the factory's management.
What economic doctrine was typically used during the post civil war era
Laissez-faire
hich of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
Munn v. Illinois; Wabash v. Illinois; Interstate Commerce Act; Lochner v. New York
This early union was more interested in working to craft state laws important to their members than directly bargaining with employers.
National Labor Union
John D Rockefeller is best associated with which industry?
Oil
The book in which Henry George proposed a "single tax" on real estate that would replace all other taxes: Answer Selected Answer:
Progress and Poverty
This individual led the American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers
In an effort to prevent corporations from obtaining market monopolies, congress passed the
Sherman Anti-trust Act
Which of the following was John D. Rockefeller's Company? Answer Selected Answer:
Standard Oil Company
The first federal agency intended to regulate economic activity, and ensure that railroad rates were reasonable and favoritism avoided was: Answer Selected Answer:
The Interstate Commerce Commission
What was a reason that married women were offered less pay during the Gilded Age?
Their husbands supported them
Two of the Gilded Age's leading business figures were
Thomas A. Scott and Andrew Carnegie
After the Civil War how did congress often finance its economic plans?
Through the gifts of free land
"Vertically integration" is defined as one company controlling every phase of the business from raw materials to transportation, manufacturing, and distribution. Answer Selected Answer:
True
A significant amount of Mexican-era landholdings were made available for sale because United States courts only recognized land titles to individual plots of land. Answer Selected Answer:
True
By the 1880s, the labor situation was as such that Texas cowboys even went on strike for higher pay. Answer Selected Answer:
True
During the second industrial revolution, wage labor became America's leading source of livelihood. Answer Selected Answer:
True
Following the Civil War generals like Philip H. Sheridan set out to destroy the foundations of the Indian economy. Answer Selected Answer:
True
In 1869, President Ulysses S. Grant announced a new "peace policy" in the West. Answer Selected Answer:
True
In the late 1800s, California tried to attract immigrants by advertising its pleasant climate and the availability of land, although large-scale corporate farms were coming to dominate the state's agriculture. Answer Selected Answer:
True
Inspired in part by President Garfield's assassination by a disappointed office seeker, the Civil Service Act of 1883 created a merit system for federal employees, Answer Selected Answer:
True
Most Americans experienced a rising standard of living in the late 19th century
True
Neither of the two main political parties embraced any serious federal program to cushion citizens from poverty or unemployment. Answer Selected Answer:
True
On 29 December 1890, soldiers killed between 150 and 200 Indians, most women and children, near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota. Answer Selected Answer:
True
The Civil Service Act of 1883 marked the first step in establishing a professional civil service and removing officeholding from the hands of political machines. Answer Selected Answer:
True
The Electricity Building at the Chicago World's Fair of 1893 astonished visitors and illustrated how electricity was changing the visual landscape. Answer Selected Answer:
True
The Haymarket Affair resulted in the hanging of four convicted anarchists. Answer Selected Answer:
True
The extermination of the North American bison (buffalo) drastically undermined the livelihood of the Plains Indians. Answer Selected Answer:
True
The most famous Indian victory in American history took place in June 1876 when General George A. Custer and his 250 men perished. Answer Selected Answer:
True
The term "Lochnerism" derived from the 1905 Supreme Court decision Lochner v. New York, in which the Court voided the state's law establishing a 10-hour day maximum for bakers. Answer Selected Answer:
True
Wage reductions were commonplace during economic downturns. Answer Selected Answer:
True
The legal entity allowed companies to sidestep laws that forbade them from owning stock in their competitors
Trust
What was the US first billion dollar company?
US steel corporation
What is one thing that the US had their other nations did not that helped spur the industrial revolution
Vast natural recourses
Haymarket Riot (1886)
Violent uprising in Haymarket Square, Chicago, where police clashed with labor demonstrators in the aftermath of a bombing.
The political "boss" of New York City in the early 1870s was: Answer Selected Answer:
William Marcy Tweed.
The politics of Gilded Age America was said to be: Answer Selected Answer:
a time of dishonesty and corruption in which corporations battled each other for special consideration by local state and federal governments.
Power sources (such as water, coal, wood, and oil) were more expensive in the US than in other nations around the world
false
The Foran Act made it illegal for federal or state government workers to join labor unions
false
The number of inventions registered at the US patent office remained fairly constant through the 19th century
false
After the second industrial revolution corporations tried their hands at...
farming
Which of the following best describes the "Ghost Dance?" Answer Selected Answer:
feared by U. S. Army officials
Which of the following was not a focus of debate between Democrats and Republicans during the Gilded Age?
federal income tax levels
The 1887 Dawes Act: Answer Selected Answer: .
led to the loss of tribal lands, and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions
The way in which businesses cultivated and brought influence from government officials is called
lobbying
Before the Civil War, if you were a young child and you had a job, most likely you worked
on a farm
By 1913, the United States produced how much of the world's industrial output?
one-third
Thanks to the electrical light
owners made their workers work longer
All of the following were Captains of Industry except:
samuel gompers
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the years from 1873 to 1897 were known as:
the Great Depression.
The Knight of Labors decline began because of its perceived involvement in
the Haymarket riot
What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886? Answer Selected Answer:
the Knights of Labor
The Industrial Revolution in the United States took place principally in:
the Northeast and the Midwest.
The spirit of innovation contributed importantly to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century. Which of the following was not an innovation of the 1870s and 1880s?
the airplane
In 1890 the distribution of wealth in the United States was:
the top 1 percent of Americans owned more property than the remaining 99 percent
When one company buys everything needed to produce, market, and deliver their product, they have participated in
vertical integration
