CH 16 HW
It is the responsibility of the pilot and crew to report a near midair collision as a result of proximity of at least A. 500 feet or less to another aircraft. B. 1,000 feet or less to another aircraft. C. 50 feet or less to another aircraft.
Answer A is correct. A near midair collision is defined as an incident associated with the operation of an airplane in which a possibility of collision occurs as a result of proximity of less than 500 feet to another airplane. It is the responsibility of the pilot and/or flight crew to determine whether a near midair collision did actually occur and to initiate a near midair collision report.
During a night flight, you observe a steady red light and a flashing red light ahead and at the same altitude. What is the general direction of movement of the other aircraft? A. The other aircraft is crossing to the left. B. The other aircraft is approaching head-on. C. The other aircraft is crossing to the right.
Answer A is correct. Airplane position lights consist of a steady red light on the left wing (looking forward), a green light on the right wing, and a white light on the tail. Accordingly, if you observe a steady red light, you are looking at the tip of a left wing, which means the other plane is traveling from your right to left (crossing to the left). The red flashing light is the beacon.
Responsibility for collision avoidance in an alert area rests with A. all pilots. B. Air Traffic Control. C. the controlling agency.
Answer A is correct. Alert areas may contain a high volume of pilot training or other unusual activity. Pilots using the area as well as pilots crossing the area are equally responsible for collision avoidance.
During a night flight, you observe steady red and green lights ahead and at the same altitude. What is the general direction of movement of the other aircraft? A. The other aircraft is approaching head-on. B. The other aircraft is crossing to the left. C. The other aircraft is flying away from you.
Answer A is correct. If you observe steady red and green lights at the same altitude, the other airplane is approaching head-on. You should take evasive action to the right.
Most midair collision accidents occur during A. clear days. B. hazy days. C. cloudy nights.
Answer A is correct. Most midair collision accidents and reported near midair collision incidents occur during good VFR weather conditions (i.e., clear days) and during the hours of daylight. This is when more aircraft are likely to be flying.
Prior to starting each maneuver, pilots should A. visually scan the entire area for collision avoidance. B. announce their intentions on the nearest CTAF. C. check altitude, airspeed, and heading indications.
Answer A is correct. Prior to each maneuver, a pilot should visually scan the entire area for collision avoidance. Many maneuvers require a clearing turn, which should be used for this purpose.
How does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip? A. Outward, upward, and around each tip. B. Inward, upward, and counterclockwise. C. Inward, upward, and around each tip.
Answer A is correct. Since the pressure differential is caused by a lower pressure above the wing and a higher pressure below the wing, the air from the bottom moves out, up, and around each wingtip.
Eye movements during daytime collision avoidance scanning should A. not exceed 10 degrees and view each sector at least 1 second. B. use peripheral vision by scanning small sectors and utilizing off-center viewing. C. be 30 degrees and view each sector at least 3 seconds.
Answer A is correct. The most effective way to scan for other aircraft during daylight hours is to use a series of short, regularly spaced eye movements that bring successive areas of the sky into your central visual field. Each movement should not exceed 10°, and each area should be observed for at least 1 second to enable detection. Only a very small center area of the eye has the ability to send clear, sharply focused messages to the brain.
The correct method of stating 4,500 feet MSL to ATC is A. "FOUR THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED." B. "FOUR POINT FIVE." C. "FORTY-FIVE HUNDRED FEET MSL."
Answer A is correct. The proper phraseology for altitudes up to but not including 18,000 feet MSL is to state the separate digits of the thousands, plus the hundreds, if appropriate. It would be "four thousand, five hundred."
When departing behind a heavy aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by maneuvering the aircraft A. above and upwind from the heavy aircraft. B. below and downwind from the heavy aircraft. C. below and upwind from the heavy aircraft.
Answer A is correct. The proper procedure for departing behind a large aircraft is to rotate prior to the large aircraft's rotation point, then fly above and upwind of the large aircraft. Since vortices sink and drift downwind, this should keep you clear.
At an altitude below 18,000 feet MSL, which transponder code should be selected? A. Mode A/3, Code 1200. B. Mode F, Code 1200. C. Mode C, Code 4096.
Answer A is correct. The standard VFR transponder code is 1200. Because all flight operations above 18,000 feet MSL are to be IFR, code 1200 is not used above that height.
When operating under VFR below 18,000 feet MSL, unless otherwise authorized, what transponder code should be selected? A. 1200 B. 7700 C. 7600
Answer A is correct. The standard VFR transponder code is 1200. Since all flight operations above 18,000 feet MSL are to be IFR, code 1200 is not used above that height.
Which of the following codes should be set for VFR flight in Class E airspace? A. 1200, Mode A/3. B. 1200, Mode F. C. 4600, Mode S.
Answer A is correct. The standard VFR transponder code is 1200. Since all flight operations above 18,000 ft. MSL are to be IFR, code 1200 is not used above that height.
An ATC radar facility issues the following advisory to a pilot flying north in a calm wind: "TRAFFIC 9 O'CLOCK, 2 MILES, SOUTHBOUND..." Where should the pilot look for this traffic? A. West. B. South. C. North.
Answer A is correct. Traffic at 9 o'clock is off the left wingtip. The nose of the airplane is 12 o'clock, the left wingtip is 9 o'clock, the tail is 6 o'clock, and the right wingtip is 3 o'clock. With a north heading, the aircraft at 9 o'clock would be west of you.
Wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend to A. sink below the aircraft generating turbulence. B. rise into the takeoff or landing path of a crossing runway. C. rise into the traffic pattern.
Answer A is correct. Wingtip vortices created by large airplanes tend to sink below the airplane generating the turbulence.
With winds reported as from 300° at 4 knots, you are given instructions to taxi to runway 30 for departure and to expect to take off after an airliner, which is departing from runway 35L. What effect would you expect from the airliner's vortices? A. The crosswind will prevent lateral movement of the vortices. B. The winds will push the vortices into your takeoff path. C. The downwind vortex will rapidly dissipate.
Answer B is correct. A light wind between 1 to 5 knots could result in the upwind vortex remaining over the runway and hasten the drift of the downwind vortex toward your runway of intended departure.
Unless otherwise authorized, if flying a transponder equipped aircraft, a pilot should squawk which VFR code? A. 7600 B. 1200 C. 7700
Answer B is correct. A pilot flying a transponder-equipped aircraft should set that transponder on code (squawk) 1200, which is the VFR code.
How can you determine if another aircraft is on a collision course with your aircraft? A. The nose of each aircraft is pointed at the same point in space. B. There will be no apparent relative motion between your aircraft and the other aircraft. C. The other aircraft will always appear to get larger and closer at a rapid rate.
Answer B is correct. Any aircraft that appears to have no relative motion and stays in one scan quadrant is likely to be on a collision course. Also, if a target shows no lateral or vertical motion but increases in size, take evasive action.
When making routine transponder code changes, pilots should avoid inadvertent selection of which code? A. 4096 B. 7600 C. 1200
Answer B is correct. Some special codes set aside for emergencies should be avoided during routine VFR flights. They are 7500 for hijacking, 7600 for lost radio communications, and 7700 for a general emergency. Additionally, you should know that code 7777 is reserved for military interceptors.
The Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) specifically encourages pilots to turn on their landing lights when operating below 10,000 feet, day or night, and especially when operating A. in Class B airspace. B. in conditions of reduced visibility. C. within 15 miles of a towered airport.
Answer B is correct. The FAA has a voluntary pilot safety program known as "Operation Lights On" to enhance the see-and-avoid concept. Pilots are encouraged to turn on their landing lights when operating below 10,000 feet, day or night, especially when operating within 10 miles of any airport or in conditions of reduced visibility.
If Air Traffic Control advises that radar service is terminated when the pilot is departing Class C airspace, the transponder should be set to code A. 0000 B. 1200 C. 4096
Answer B is correct. The code 1200 designates VFR operations when another number is not assigned by ATC.
An ATC radar facility issues the following advisory to a pilot flying on a heading of 360°: "TRAFFIC 10 O'CLOCK, 2 MILES, SOUTHBOUND..." Where should the pilot look for this traffic? A. Southwest. B. Northwest. C. Northeast.
Answer B is correct. The controller is telling you that traffic is at 10 o'clock and 2 mi. 9 o'clock is the left wingtip, and 10 o'clock is 2/3 of the way from the nose of the airplane (12 o'clock) to the left wingtip. Thus, you are looking northwest.
The correct method of stating 10,500 feet MSL to ATC is A. "TEN THOUSAND, FIVE HUNDRED FEET." B. "ONE ZERO THOUSAND, FIVE HUNDRED." C. "TEN POINT FIVE."
Answer B is correct. The proper phraseology for altitudes up to but not including 18,000 feet MSL is to state the separate digits of the thousands, plus the hundreds, if appropriate. It would be one zero thousand, five hundred.
An ATC radar facility issues the following advisory to a pilot during a local flight: "TRAFFIC 2 O'CLOCK, 5 MILES, NORTHBOUND..." Where should the pilot look for this traffic? A. Between directly ahead and 90° to the left. B. Between directly ahead and 90° to the right. C. Between directly behind and 90° to the right.
Answer B is correct. The right wingtip is 3 o'clock, and the nose is 12 o'clock. A controller report of traffic 2 o'clock, 5 mi., northbound indicates that the traffic is to the right of the airplane's nose, just ahead of the right wingtip.
When flying HAWK N666CB, the proper phraseology for initial contact with McAlester FSS is A. "MC ALESTER STATION, HAWK SIX SIX SIX CEE BEE, RECEIVING ARDMORE VORTAC, OVER." B. "MC ALESTER RADIO, HAWK SIX SIX SIX CHARLIE BRAVO, RECEIVING ARDMORE VORTAC, OVER." C. "MC ALESTER FLIGHT SERVICE STATION, HAWK NOVEMBER SIX CHARLIE BRAVO, RECEIVING ARDMORE VORTAC, OVER."
Answer B is correct. When calling a ground station, pilots should begin with the name of the facility and the type of facility. Any FSS is referred to as "Radio." When the aircraft manufacturer's name or model is stated, the prefix "N" is dropped. When transmitting and receiving on different frequencies, indicate the name of the VOR or frequency on which a reply is expected. Thus, the proper phraseology on initial contact with McAlester FSS is McAlester Radio, Hawk six six six Charlie Bravo, Receiving Ardmore VORTAC, Over. (NOTE: The word "over" has been dropped from common usage.)
What procedure is recommended when climbing or descending VFR on an airway? A. Fly away from the centerline of the airway before changing altitude. B. Execute gentle banks left and right for continuous visual scanning of the airspace. C. Advise the nearest FSS of the altitude changes.
Answer B is correct. When climbing (descending) VFR on an airway, you should execute gentle banks left and right to facilitate scanning for other aircraft. Collision avoidance is a constant priority and especially pertinent to climbs and descents on airways where other traffic is expected.
Your flight takes you in the path of a large aircraft. In order to avoid the vortices you should fly A. at the same altitude as the large aircraft. B. above the flight path of the large aircraft. C. below the altitude of the large aircraft.
Answer B is correct. When flying behind a large aircraft, stay at or above the other aircraft's flight path. Wingtip vortex turbulence tends to sink into the flight path of airplanes operating below the airplane generating the turbulence.
When landing behind a large aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by staying A. below the large aircraft's final approach path and landing before the large aircraft's touchdown point. B. above the large aircraft's final approach path and landing beyond the large aircraft's touchdown point. C. above the large aircraft's final approach path and landing before the large aircraft's touchdown point.
Answer B is correct. When landing behind a large aircraft, your flight path should be above the other aircraft's flight path since the vortices sink. When the aircraft touches down, the vortices will stop, so you should thus touch down beyond where the large aircraft did.
When taking off or landing at an airport where heavy aircraft are operating, one should be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices because this turbulence tends to A. rise from a crossing runway into the takeoff or landing path. B. sink into the flightpath of aircraft operating below the aircraft generating the turbulence. C. rise into the traffic pattern area surrounding the airport.
Answer B is correct. When taking off or landing at a busy airport where large, heavy airplanes are operating, you should be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices because this turbulence tends to sink into the flight paths of airplanes operating below the airplane generating the turbulence. Wingtip vortices are caused by a differential in high and low pressure at the wingtip of an airplane, creating a spiraling effect trailing behind the wingtip, similar to a horizontal tornado.
Wingtip vortices are created only when an aircraft is A. operating at high airspeeds. B. developing lift. C. heavily loaded.
Answer B is correct. Wingtip vortices are the result of the pressure differential over and under a wing when that wing is producing lift. Wingtip vortices do not develop when an airplane is taxiing, although prop blast or jet thrust turbulence can be experienced near the rear of a large airplane that is taxiing.
During a night flight, you observe a steady white light and a flashing red light ahead and at the same altitude. What is the general direction of movement of the other aircraft? A. The other aircraft is crossing to the right. B. The other aircraft is crossing to the left. C. The other aircraft is flying away from you.
Answer C is correct. A steady white light (the tail light) indicates the other airplane is moving away from you. The flashing red light is the beacon light.
The most effective method of scanning for other aircraft for collision avoidance during nighttime hours is to use A. a series of short, regularly spaced eye movements to search each 30-degree sector. B. regularly spaced concentration on the 3-, 9-, and 12-o'clock positions. C. peripheral vision by scanning small sectors and utilizing off-center viewing.
Answer C is correct. At night, collision avoidance scanning must use the off-center portions of the eyes; these portions are most effective at seeing objects at night. Accordingly, in order to perceive a very dim lighted object in a certain direction (i.e., another aircraft), you should use peripheral vision and scan small sectors adjacent to the object; short stops of a few seconds in each scan area will help to detect the light and its movement. This is in contrast to daytime searching for air traffic, when center viewing should be used.
An ATC radar facility issues the following advisory to a pilot flying on a heading of 090°: "TRAFFIC 3 O'CLOCK, 2 MILES, WESTBOUND..." Where should the pilot look for this traffic? A. West. B. East. C. South.
Answer C is correct. If you receive traffic information service from radar and are told you have traffic at the 3 o'clock position, traffic is in the direction of the right wingtip, or to the south.
When making routine transponder code changes, pilots should avoid inadvertent selection of which codes? A. 7200 B. 7000 C. 7500
Answer C is correct. Some special codes set aside for emergencies should be avoided during routine VFR flights. They are 7500 for hijacking, 7600 for lost radio communications, and 7700 for a general emergency. Additionally, you should know that code 7777 is reserved for military interceptors.
The wind condition that requires maximum caution when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is a A. light, quartering headwind. B. strong headwind. C. light, quartering tailwind. Answer C is correct. The most dangerous wind condition when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is a light, quartering tailwind. The tailwind can push the vortices forward, which could put it in the touchdown zone of your aircraft even if you used proper procedures and landed beyond the touchdown point of the preceding aircraft. Also, the quartering wind may push the upwind vortices to the middle of the runway.
Answer C is correct. The most dangerous wind condition when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is a light, quartering tailwind. The tailwind can push the vortices forward, which could put it in the touchdown zone of your aircraft even if you used proper procedures and landed beyond the touchdown point of the preceding aircraft. Also, the quartering wind may push the upwind vortices to the middle of the runway.
The most effective method of scanning for other aircraft for collision avoidance during daylight hours is to use A. peripheral vision by scanning small sectors and utilizing offcenter viewing. B. regularly spaced concentration on the 3-, 9-, and 12-o'clock positions. C. a series of short, regularly spaced eye movements to search each 10-degree sector.
Answer C is correct. The most effective way to scan for other aircraft during daylight hours is to use a series of short, regularly spaced eye movements that bring successive areas of the sky into your central visual field. Each movement should not exceed 10°, and each area should be observed for at least 1 second to enable detection. Only a very small center area of the eye has the ability to send clear, sharply focused messages to the brain. All other areas provide less detail.
The greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is A. heavy, dirty, and fast. B. light, dirty, and fast. C. heavy, clean, and slow.
Answer C is correct. Vortices are the greatest when the wingtips are at high angles of attack. This occurs at high gross weight, flaps up, and low airspeed (heavy, clean, and slow).
ATC advises, "traffic 12 o'clock," this advisory is relative to your A. magnetic heading. B. true course. C. ground track.
Answer C is correct. When issuing radar traffic information, the controller will provide the direction of the traffic from your airplane in relation to the 12-hr. clock based on your ground track or magnetic course.
When landing behind a large aircraft, which procedure should be followed for vortex avoidance? A. Stay well below its final approach flightpath and land at least 2,000 feet behind. B. Stay below and to one side of its final approach flightpath. C. Stay above its final approach flightpath all the way to touchdown.
Answer C is correct. When landing behind a large aircraft, stay above its final approach flight path all the way to touchdown; i.e., touch down beyond the touchdown point of the large aircraft.
