Ch. 16 Nutrition During Adulthood

What are some potential causes of iron deficiency among adults? * Blood lost during monthly menstruation. * Digestive tract injuries that cause bleeding. * Use of aspirin. * Frequent use of antidepressants.

* Blood lost during monthly menstruation. * Digestive tract injuries that cause bleeding. * Use of aspirin.

Excesses of which of the following dietary components are hypothesized to accelerate aging? * Vitamin D * Calories * Folic acid * Sugars

* Calories * Sugars

Which of the following are characteristics of Alzheimer's disease? * Decreased ability to remember, reason, comprehend * Irreversible disease process * Progressive loss of bone mass * Tooth pain and tooth loss

* Decreased ability to remember, reason, comprehend * Irreversible disease process

Which of the following are not approved by the FDA? * Over-the-counter medications * Dietary supplements * Prescription medications * Herbal supplements

* Dietary supplements * Herbal supplements

What are some problems associated with the "graying" of North America? * Disproportionately high use of the federal health care budget. * Imbalance between demand for health care and supply for health care workers. * Increased consumer spending on vacations and entertainment.

* Disproportionately high use of the federal health care budget. * Imbalance between demand for health care and supply for health care workers.

For which of the following people is alcohol consumption contraindicated? * Older adults * Pregnant women * People with type 2 diabetes * People who cannot control their alcohol intake

* Pregnant women * People who cannot control their alcohol intake

Many older adults are missing some or all of their teeth, which reduces their ability to chew. Which of the following would be good sources of protein for an older adult with poor dentition? * Pureed chicken * Grilled pork chop * Baked sweet potatoes * Greek yogurt

* Pureed chicken * Greek yogurt

Alcohol abuse contributes to the following causes of death? * Suicide * motor vehicle accidents * Bacterial infection * Cirrhosis of the liver

* Suicide * motor vehicle accidents * Cirrhosis of the liver

Regarding alcohol abuse the dietary guidelines for Americans advise that: * all adults would benefit from moderate consumption of red wine. * adults who choose to drink alcoholic beverages should do so in moderation. * pregnant women or women who may become pregnant should not consume alcohol. * people who are operating heavy machinery abstain from alcohol consumption.

* adults who choose to drink alcoholic beverages should do so in moderation. * pregnant women or women who may become pregnant should not consume alcohol. * people who are operating heavy machinery abstain from alcohol consumption.

Individuals with diets _____________ have a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease. * high in red meats * rich in omega-3 fatty acids * low in trans fatty acids * low in saturated fats

* rich in omega-3 fatty acids * low in trans fatty acids * low in saturated fats

What are negative effects that medications and supplements can have on the body? *Diuretics and laxatives can cause excess water loss. *Iron supplements can interfere with the functioning of zinc and copper. *Aspirin can mask a vitamin-B12 deficiency. *Antibiotics can deplete the body of vitamin K.

*Diuretics and laxatives can cause excess water loss. *Iron supplements can interfere with the functioning of zinc and copper. *Antibiotics can deplete the body of vitamin K. * Folate can mask vitamin B-12 deficiencies not aspirin.

What are the three factors that significantly influence the rate at which a person ages? *Environment *Heredity *Lifestyle *Religion

*Environment *Heredity *Lifestyle

Which of the following are environmental factors that influence the rate of aging? *Income *Shelter *Education *Genetics

*Income *Shelter *Education

Which of the following are criteria used to diagnose alcohol use disorders? *Using alcohol in greater amounts or more often than intended. *Needing less alcohol over time to become intoxicated. *Alcohol cravings *Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when alcohol is not consumed.

*Using alcohol in greater amounts or more often than intended. *Alcohol cravings *Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when alcohol is not consumed.

What are some effects of low vitamin E intake? *decline in physical abilities *accelerated aging *cataracts *taste sensation losses

*decline in physical abilities *accelerated aging *cataracts

Excessive sodium intake is linked to: *hypertension *osteoarthritis *osteoporosis *kidney disease

*hypertension *osteoporosis *kidney disease

For men, heavy drinking refers to consuming more than ______________ drink(s) in one week.

14

Approximately how many people in the United States suffer from alcoholism? a) 20 million b) 10 million c) 15 million d) 5 million

15 million

All adults should engage in moderate-intensity aerobic activity for at least ___________ minutes per week. a) 150 b) 60 c) 70

150

What percentage of alcohol is in a 40-proof alcoholic beverage? a) 80% b) 20% c) 10% d) 30%

20%

Most American adults exceed the recommended limit for sodium, which is set at ____________ milligrams.

2300

What is the recommended limit for sodium intake for most adults, according to the Dietary Guidelines? a) 2400 b) 1300 c) 2300 d) 1500

2300

What percent of a person's risk for developing an alcohol use disorder is attributed to genetics? a) 40% b) 20% c) 17% d) 8%

40%

A person who lives to age 80 can expect to live how many more years?

7-10 years

What is the life expectancy for men in North America?

76 years

What is the fastest growing age group in North America?

85+ years

Parkinson's disease

A motor system disorder that results from a loss of dopamine-producing brain cells.

Gout

A painful form of arthritis associated with dietary changes

What is the longest stage of the life cycle? a) Adolescence b) Adulthood c) Infancy d) Childhood

Adulthood begins when an adolescent finishes growing.

During which stage in life are the body systems at their peak efficiency rate? a) Beyond age 70 b) Ages 19 to 30 c) Ages 51 to 70 d) Ages 31 to 50

Ages 19 to 30

_________________ can be defined as the time-dependent physical and physiological changes in body structure and function that occur normally and progressively throughout adulthood as humans mature and become older.

Aging

Which calorie source requires no digestion and is the most efficiently absorbed? a) whole-grain carbohydrates b) vegetable oils c) protein d) alcohol

Alcohol

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Caused by disruption between the brain and other parts of the body and can be devastating or relatively benign.

What is a term for a person's pattern of living that includes food choices, exercise patterns, and substance abuse? a) Lifestyle b) Compression of morbidity c) Longevity d) Lifespan

Lifestyle

Daily intake of small amounts of cheese and yogurt, limited use of red meat, regular exercise, and moderate drinking of wine at mealtime are traits of the ______________ diet. a) Okinawan b) Mediterranean c) Western d) Loma Linda

Mediterranean

Which statement is true about the difference between North American and Mediterranean diets? a) More fish is consumed in North America. b) Olive oil is a staple of the North American diet. c) The Mediterranean diet includes a lot of red meats and eggs. d) More processed foods are consumed in North America.

More processed foods are consumed in North America.

Rheumatoid arthritis

Most prevalent in younger adults.

Which of the following is an example of compression of morbidity? a) Mrs. Byrne had a stroke at the age of 75 and was unable to use the left side of her body for several years before she died at age 78. b) Mr. Perkins was physically active and maintained a healthy weight throughout his life. He passed away while sleeping at age 89. c) Mr. Kocher was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes when he was 49. After two heart attacks, he died from cardiac complications at age 65.

Mr. Perkins was physically active and maintained a healthy weight throughout his life. He passed away while sleeping at age 89.

Successful aging is the result of: a) poor lifestyle choices b) growing older c) chronic disease d) environmental exposure

Successful aging describes physical and physiological function declines that occur as a result of growing older.

How do the calorie needs of an inactive adult over the age of 30 change through adulthood? a) The calorie needs decrease. b) The calorie needs stay the same. c) The calorie needs increase.

The calorie needs decrease.

True or False: A person taking herbal supplements should keep a diary of symptoms, consult a physician, and never combine supplements. These steps will help prevent the negative effects as a result of taking herbal supplements.

True

True or False: Diseases that often accompany old age are not an inevitable part of aging.

True

True or False: People with alcohol use disorders are at risk for developing nutrient deficiencies because alcohol contains very little nutrition.

True

True or False: Smoking and a high-fat diet can shorten a person's life expectancy, even if their genetic potential is for a very long life.

True

True or False: Zinc absorption declines as stomach acid production diminishes with age.

True

What term refers to those changes commonly thought to be a typical or expected part of aging, such as increased body fat , declining bone mass, and increasing poor health? a) Successful aging b) Life expectancy c) Usual aging d) Life span

Usual aging

People who live to be 100 years of age do all of the following EXCEPT: a) maintain friendships b) gain most of their weight in adulthood. c) eat fruits and vegetables d) perform daily physical activity

gain most of their weight in adulthood.

Decrease in stomach acid production can affect _____________ status.

iron and vitamin B-12

Osteoporosis

leading cause of disability in older adults.

What is the term for the potential oldest age a person can reach? a) successful aging b) life expectancy c) life span

life span

Which organ is the primary site for alcohol metabolism? a) liver b) kidneys c) small intestine d) stomach

liver

distilled spirits

made from fruits, vegetables, and grains

beer

made from malted cereal grains

Eric is a middle-aged man who meets his friends to play cards on Friday nights. He does not consume alcohol throughout the rest of the week, but he might have three or four beers while he plays cards with his friends. Eric can be described as a: a) moderate drinker b) binge drinker c) heavy drinker

moderate drinker

Inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D, reduced calcium and vitamin D absorption, and the reduced synthesis of vitamin D in the skin are all factors that contribute to the development of a) rheumatoid arthritis b) osteoporosis c) osteoarthritis d) anemia

osteoporosis

Incorporating flexibility exercise at least two days per week will help adults:

prevent muscle and joint injuries

Consuming _____________ in amounts slightly higher than the RDA may help preserve muscle and bone mass in aging adults. a) protein b) fats c) vitamins d) carbohydrates

protein

Reserve capacity

the extent to which an organ can preserve essentially normal function despite decreasing cell number or cell activity

Approximately 30% of Seventh-day Adventists follow a _________________ diet.

vegetarian

A loss of functioning liver cells , which are replaced by nonfunctioning connective tissue, is called: a) jaundice b) liver failure c) cirrhosis d) alcohol hepatitis

cirrhosis

Delaying the onset of disabilities caused by chronic diseases is known as

compression of morbidity

High _______________ intake can lead to obesity, heart disease, and certain cancers. a) vitamin b) fat c) carbohydrate d) mineral

fat

wine

fermentation of grape or other fruit juices

For men, binge drinking is defined as consuming _____________ or more drinks in a row; for women, it is drinking _____________ or more drinks in a row.

five; four

______________ is the average length of life for a given group of people born in a specific year. a) Health span b) longevity c) Life expectancy d) Life span

Life expectancy

________________ is a psychiatric disorder involving problematic use of alcohol that leads to significant impairment or distress. a) An alcohol use disorder b) Intoxication c) Binge drinking d) Alcohol poisoning

An alcohol use disorder

Biological sex has an influence on a person's longevity. In the case of humans, as well as other species

Females tend to live longer than males.

What is the most common form of undernutrition during the adult years in North America? a) Iron-deficiency anemia b) Kwashiorkor c) Marasmus d) Iodine deficiency

Iron-deficiency anemia

True or False: Adulthood is different from other stages of life because, during adulthood, nutrients are used to support growth.

False

True or False: Benefits of alcohol use are associated with the specific intake of about two drinks per day for women.

False

True or False: Consumers of Mediterranean diet have some of the highest rates of disease in the world.

False

True or False: Ethnicity does not play a major role in the probability of and health risks associated with alcohol use disorders.

False

True or false: Dietary or herbal supplements are evaluated by the FDA and are reliably safe and effective.

False and there is no guarantee that they will be safe or effective.

The diets of ____________ are rich in rice, fish, and plant sources of protein, yet low in meat, alcohol, and salt. These dietary features appear to be related to longevity observed among this population. a) Okinawans b) North Americans c) Mediterraneans

Okinawans

Which statement is true about the effects of alcohol in women? a) Women develop alcohol-related ailments faster than men do with the same alcohol-consumption habits. b) Women have more body water in which to dilute alcohol than do men and therefore can tolerate alcohol better. c) Women and men metabolize alcohol in the same way.

Women develop alcohol-related ailments faster than men do with the same alcohol-consumption habits.

Which of the following is the body's main pathway for alcohol metabolism? a) alcohol dehydrogenase b) catalase c) Alpha-galactosidase d) Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system

alcohol dehydrogenase

An abundance of free time, loneliness, depression, and interactions with medications put older adults at risk for: a) diabetes b) successful aging c) Alzheimer's disease d) alcohol use disorders

alcohol use disorders

Glucosamine and chondroitin are dietary supplements that are commonly used by aging adults to prevent or treat

arthritis