CH. 16 Psych, General psych study guide 14, 16

What is the minimum amount of time addicts should receive treatment if they are to achieve adesired outcome?

3 months

The saying is "Money can buy happiness", but research finds that in the United States those who earn more than ________ per year are not measurably happier than those who earn below that amount.

75,000

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.

________ were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders. A. Asylums B. Churches C. Clinics D. Hospitals

A. Asylums

Regarding behavior therapy, which of the following statements is least true? A. Aversive conditioning uses principles of operant conditioning to help people extinguish undesirable behaviors. B. Gradual exposure can help people overcome specific phobias, social phobias, and post- traumatic stress disorder. C. Behavior therapy is also referred to as behavior modification. D. In systematic desensitization, the goal is to use relaxation as an incompatible response to fear in order to weaken the bonds between the frightening stimuli and the fear response.

A. Aversive conditioning uses principles of operant conditioning to help people extinguish undesirable behaviors.

Which of the following explains why most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care? A. Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized. B. Modern treatments are extremely effective in a short amount of time. C. Most patients aren't mentally ill; they are homeless and need short-term shelter. D. Patients often leave before their doctor releases them.

A. Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized.

. What does research show regarding race and ethnic differences in those who receive mental health services? A. Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than White, middle- class Americans. B. Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services more frequently than White, middle- class Americans. C. Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services to the same extent as White, middle- class Americans. E. Ethnically Asian minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than ethnically Black minorities.

A. Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than White, middle- class Americans.

Which of the following is least true regarding group therapy? A. Group therapy is usually less economical than individual therapy. B. Confidentiality can be a potential problem. C. Personality clashes and arguments among group members can arise. D. Groups can either be structured or unstructured.

A. Group therapy is usually less economical than individual therapy.

Carl Rogers was the major developer of ________ therapy. A. Humanistic B. Existential C. Behavior D. Psychodynamic

A. Humanistic

Regarding behavior therapy, which of the following is least true? A. It focuses on changing the client's thoughts and feelings. B. It can apply operant conditioning. C. It can apply classical conditioning. D. It can apply counterconditioning.

A. It focuses on changing the client's thoughts and feelings.

Which of the following is most true regarding the use of psychotropic medications? A. Medicines work uniquely for each person. B. Behaviors are not impacted by mental health medication. C. Medicine should be viewed as a cure for all mental health illnesses. D. Doctors should only view medicines only as a last resort.

A. Medicines work uniquely for each person.

Albert Ellis is associated with ______ therapy. A. Rational-Emotive B. Psychoanalytic C. Psychotropic D. Behavioral

A. Rational-Emotive

. ________ can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes as well as elevate cholesterol levels; they can also cause constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, and dizziness. A. Antidepressants B. Atypical antipsychotics C. Mood stabilizers D. Stimulants

B. Atypical antipsychotics

Who developed client-centered therapy? A. Abraham Maslow B. Carl Rogers C. Dorothea Dix D. Philippe Pinel

B. Carl Rogers

Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? A. Adderall B. Clozaril C. Lithium D. Xanax

B. Clozaril

Who led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States? A. Carl Rogers B. Dorothea Dix C. Philippe Pinel D. Sigmund Freud

B. Dorothea Dix

Which of the following involves more than talking as part of patient-cures? A. psychoanalysis B. ECT C. RET D. cognitive therapy

B. ECT

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy? A. Behavior can be conditioned. B. How you think determines how you feel. C. Thoughts cannot be changed. D. Unconscious thoughts influence behavior.

B. How you think determines how you feel.

Which of the following best exemplifies a benefit of group therapy? A. Clients in group therapy don't need additional biomedical therapy. B. In every case it is more effective than individual therapy. C. It can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem. D. There is less transference during group therapy.

C. It can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem.

Lana is late for dinner with her parents. They don't care, but she thinks this is a catastrophe—an inaccurate view of the situation that leads her to feel bad about herself. In this example, what best represents the cognitive distortion? A. Lana being late for dinner with her parents B. Lana feeling bad about herself C. Lana thinking that being late for dinner is a catastrophe D. Lana's parents not caring that she is late for dinner

C. Lana thinking that being late for dinner is a catastrophe

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In aversion therapy, a therapist seeks to treat clients' fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it. A. The phrase "or anxiety" should be eliminated. B. The phrase "or situation" should be eliminated. C. The word "aversion" should be changed to the word "exposure." D. The word "problem" should be changed to the word "anxiety."

C. The word "aversion" should be changed to the word "exposure."

Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization? A. Once you are conditioned to relax, you will never feel stress again. B. Some people are genetically predisposed to tension. C. You can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time. D. You can't enjoy life if you are surrounded by things that induce anxiety.

C. You can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time.

Mood stabilizers, such as lithium, are used to treat ________. A. anxiety disorders. B. depression. C. bipolar disorder. D. ADHD.

C. bipolar disorder.

Behavior therapy focuses on ____. A. changing thoughts to correspond to behaviors. B. helping clients achieve self-actualization. C. changing maladaptive patterns of responding. D. altering errors of thinking.

C. changing maladaptive patterns of responding.

In the free association technique of psychoanalysis, the ________. A. client engages in self-reflection prior to the session to decide what to discuss. B. client keeps a dream diary to guide therapy sessions. C. client says whatever comes to mind at the moment. D. therapist hypnotizes the client.

C. client says whatever comes to mind at the moment.

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A. aversion therapy B. classical conditioning C. cognitive-behavioral therapy D. free association

C. cognitive-behavioral therapy

Anti-anxiety agents work by ________. A. altering levels of neurotransmitters. B. blocking the neurotransmitter dopamine. C. depressing central nervous system activity. D. improving the ability to focus on tasks.

C. depressing central nervous system activity.

. ECT stands for ________. A. easy classical treatment B. economy, cognition, tokens C. electroconvulsive therapy D. extra conditioning therapy

C. electroconvulsive therapy

According to the American Psychological Association (APA), three factors work together to produce successful treatment. Which of the following is not one of the three factors? A. client's characteristics, values, preferences, and culture B. clinical expertise of the psychologist or therapist C. having a psychologist or therapist of the same sex D. use of evidence-based treatment that is deemed appropriate for client's issue

C. having a psychologist or therapist of the same sex

Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe? A. free association B. humanistic C. involuntary D. voluntary

C. involuntary

Gene is talking with her wife, Mary. Mary starts crying, and Gene immediately assumes that Mary wants a divorce. What kind of cognitive distortion is this? A. all-or-nothing thinking B. emotional crumbling C. jumping to conclusions D. overgeneralization

C. jumping to conclusions

When people have problems, they A. always see a professional counselor for help. B. never see a pastor or other clergy member for help. C. may see a variety of individuals in order to obtain help. D. never seek help

C. may see a variety of individuals in order to obtain help.

Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A. cognitive-behavioral therapy B. ECT C. play therapy D. RET

C. play therapy

Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________. A. decriminalization of patients. B. medicalization of patients. C. process of closing large asylums. D. treatment of those on parole and probation.

C. process of closing large asylums.

Which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill? A. churches B. prisons C. psychiatric hospitals D. schools

C. psychiatric hospitals

A school counselor leads a support group for children whose parents have AIDS. The counselor focuses on defining AIDS, discussing treatment and side effects of treatment, and how the children can develop coping mechanisms. This best exemplifies ________. A. biomedical therapy. B. play therapy. C. psycho-educational treatment. D. rational-emotive therapy (RET)

C. psycho-educational treatment.

Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________. A. issues related to being a female therapist treating a male client. B. issues related to whether the client is considered normal or deviant. C. race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment. D. treating everyone the same regardless of cultural background.

C. race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment.

Repeated drug use and/or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse is called ________. A. addiction B. comorbidity C. relapse D. reversion

C. relapse

What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the therapy session and developing treatment plans for each family member's specific problem? A. comorbid B. relative C. strategic D. structural

C. strategic

Carl Rogers called his therapeutic orientation client-centered therapy because he thought the term "patient" ________. A. suggested the person could not be helped. B. suggested the person seeking help needed medicine. C. suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure. D. was too negative.

C. suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure.

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating an optimistic outlook on life?

Carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side of things.

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?

Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.

Which of the following is a benefit of group therapy?

Clients in group therapy don't need additional biomedical therapy

Which of the following was not listed in the textbook as a barrier to mental health treatment? A. Fears about treatment B. Language C. Transportation D. Being a member of the ethnic majority

D. Being a member of the ethnic majority

Which type of therapy focuses on helping relatives to focus on changing disruptive patterns of communication and improving the ways in which members relate to each other? A. Group therapy B. Marital therapy C. Couples therapy D. Family therapy

D. Family therapy

Which of the following statements about psychoanalysis is least true? A. It involves dream analysis. B. It involves free association. C. It was developed by Sigmund Freud. D. It was the dominant form of therapy in the 19th century

D. It was the dominant form of therapy in the 19th century

The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) suggests ____ regarding the amount of mental illness in the criminal justice system? A. Criminals are likely to fake mental illness to avoid trial. B. Criminals plead insanity to get away with index crimes such as murder. C. Criminals with mental illnesses stay in prison in order to receive treatment. D. People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations.

D. People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations.

Who developed psychoanalysis? A. Carl Jung B. Carl Rogers C. Dorothea Dix D. Sigmund Freud

D. Sigmund Freud

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Evidence-based practice in psychology is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of therapist characteristics, culture, and preferences. A. The word "clinical" should be changed to the word "theoretical." B. The word "preferences" should be changed to the word "references." C. The word "psychology" should be changed to the word "therapy." D. The word "therapist" should be changed to the word "client."

D. The word "therapist" should be changed to the word "client."

. Which of the following best describes the effects of deinstitutionalization? Deinstitutionalization has been ____. A. a resounding success, since almost all mental patients have now been happily reintegrated into the community. B. an unequivocal failure, since mental patients have not been helped at all. C. predominantly a failure, since most psychiatric patients continue living in asylums. D. a mix of success and failure, since many people have become homeless.

D. a mix of success and failure, since many people have become homeless.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is used successfully in order to treat ______. A. schizophrenia. B. ADHD. C. somatoform disorder. D. depression.

D. depression.

Dr. Banner wants his clients to learn to articulate thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using? A. a lobotomy B. resistance therapy C. free association D. humanistic therapy

D. humanistic therapy

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs. A. admission B. analysis C. counseling D. intake

D. intake

Jarl makes several minor mistakes during his conversational French class. Instead of thinking, "everyone makes mistakes sometimes," he thinks, "I am so stupid." What kind of cognitive distortion is this? A. all-or-nothing thinking B. beating a dead horse C. jumping to conclusions D. overgeneralization

D. overgeneralization

In medieval times, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was ________. A. a prophet B. about to die C. in need of counseling D. possessed by demons

D. possessed by demons

Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this best exemplify? A. behavior therapy B. cognitive therapy C. humanistic therapy D. psychodynamic psychotherapy

D. psychodynamic psychotherapy

. Electroconvulsive therapy is most effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________. A. a slight mood disorder who do not believe in traditional biomedical approaches. B. ADHD who also suffer from anxiety. C. auditory hallucinations associated with schizophrenia. D. severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy.

D. severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy.

The use of ________ can result in decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, stomachache, and headache. A. anti-anxiety agents B. antipsychotics C. atypical antipsychotics D. stimulants

D. stimulants

On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using? A. aversion therapy B. free association C. play therapy D. systematic desensitization

D. systematic desensitization

What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy? A. behavior affects social interaction B. emotions affect thoughts C. social interaction affects emotions D. thoughts affect behavior

D. thoughts affect behavior

. Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________. A. classical conditioning B. humanism C. RET D. token economy

D. token economy

. Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this? A. active listening B. client focus C. transference D. unconditional positive regard

D. unconditional positive regard

. Lexi cannot control her impulses to pull out her hair. Her friend Paul suggests that she see a therapist and Lexi agrees. She gets a referral from her primary care physician for a therapist and begins seeing Dr. Clark four times a month. What kind of treatment does this describe? A. classical conditioning B. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) C. involuntary D. voluntary

D. voluntary

How long does psychoanalysis typically take? A. months B. one week of intensive sessions C. weeks D. years

D. years

What was the most stressful event found on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with a LCU score of 100?

Death of a spouse

________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.

Distress

What does research show regarding race and ethnic differences in those who receive mental health services?

Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than White, middle-class Americans.

In a study of several thousand women, it was found that rates of bulimia nervosa was more prevalent among _________ women when compared to non-Hispanic whites.

Hispanic and African American

Which pair of psychiatrists were responsible for developing the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

Holmes and Rahe

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

How you think determines how you feel.

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.

How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?

In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious.

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs

Intake

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she canâ t stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.

PTSD

What did a 2006 special report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) suggest about the amount of mental illness in the criminal justice system?

People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations.

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives rather than focusing on pathology, faults and problems?

Positive Psychology

Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________.

a token economy

What is the minimum amount of time addicts should receive treatment if they are to achieve a desired outcome? a. 3 months b. 6 months c. 9 months d. 12 months

a. 3 months

What happens during an intake? a. The therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs such as the presenting problem, the client's support system, and insurance status. The therapist informs the client about confidentiality, fees, and what to expect in a therapy session. b. The therapist guides what happens in the therapy session and designs a detailed approach to resolving each member's presenting problem. c. The therapist meets with a couple to help them see how their individual backgrounds, beliefs, and actions are affecting their relationship. d. The therapist examines and discusses with the family the boundaries and structure of the family: For example, who makes the rules, who sleeps in the bed with whom, and how decisions are made.

a. The therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs such as the presenting problem, the client's support system, and insurance status. The therapist informs the client about confidentiality, fees, and what to expect in a therapy session.

The idea behind ________ is that how you think determines how you feel and act. a. cognitive therapy b. cognitive-behavioral therapy c. behavior therapy d. client-centered therapy

a. cognitive therapy

The process of closing large asylums and providing for people to stay in the community to be treated locally is known as ________. a. deinstitutionalization b. exorcism c. deactivation d. decentralization

a. deinstitutionalization

Joey was convicted of domestic violence. As part of his sentence, the judge has ordered that he attend therapy for anger management. This is considered ________ treatment. a. involuntary b. voluntary c. forced d. mandatory

a. involuntary

Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

active listening

In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________.

adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

anger/hostility

Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have?

asthma

Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?

aversive conditioning

When an individual has two or more diagnoses, which often includes a substancerelated diagnosis and another psychiatric diagnosis, this is known as ________. a. bipolar disorder b. comorbid disorder c. codependency d. bi-morbid disorder

b. comorbid disorder

Who of the following does not support the humane and improved treatment of mentally ill persons? a. Philippe Pinel b. medieval priests c. Dorothea Dix d. All of the above

b. medieval priests

Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors?

behavior

Which of the following was not listed as a barrier to mental health treatment?

being a member of the ethnic majority

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a personâ s involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

biofeedback

Mood stabilizers, such as lithium, are used to treat ________.

bipolar disorder

Among older Korean Americans, approximately 14% polled felt that having a mentally ill family member would

bring shame to the family.

Today, most people with psychological problems are not hospitalized. Typically they are only hospitalized if they ________. a. have schizophrenia b. have insurance c. are an imminent threat to themselves or others d. require therapy

c. are an imminent threat to themselves or others

Mood stabilizers, such as lithium, are used to treat ________. a. anxiety disorders b. depression c. bipolar disorder d. ADHD

c. bipolar disorder

The sociocultural perspective looks at you, your behaviors, and your symptoms in the context of your ________. a. education b. socioeconomic status c. culture and background d. age

c. culture and background

A treatment modality in which 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meet together with a trained clinician is known as ________. a. family therapy b. couples therapy c. group therapy d. self-help group

c. group therapy

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________.

challenge; threat

Which group is play therapy often used to treat?

children

Addiction is often viewed as a(n) ________ disease that can rewire the sufferer's brain.

chronic

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

chronic

What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy?What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy?

client's present and future

Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy.

client-centered

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

cognitive

Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive therapy

The idea behind ________ is that how you think determines how you feel and act.

cognitive therapy

Roscoe suffers from cocaine use disorder as well as bipolar disorder. The fact that he has two psychiatric diagnoses at once would make his a ________ situation.

comorbid

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

coping

Aversive conditioning is a ________.

counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior

The sociocultural perspective looks at you, your behaviors, and your symptoms in the contextof your ________.

culture and background

Which of the following was not listed as a barrier to mental health treatment? a. fears about treatment b. language c. transportation d. being a member of the ethnic majority

d. being a member of the ethnic majority

Clay is in a therapy session. The therapist asks him to relax and say whatever comes to his mind at the moment. This therapist is using ________, which is a technique of ________. a. active listening; client-centered therapy b. systematic desensitization; behavior therapy c. transference; psychoanalysis d. free association; psychoanalysis

d. free association; psychoanalysis

John was drug-free for almost six months. Then he started hanging out with his addict friends, and he has now started abusing drugs again. This is an example of ________. a. release b. reversion c. re-addiction d. relapse

d. relapse

Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesnâ t feel like she has anything left to give. What dimension of job burnout does this exemplify?

dimension 1 - exhaustion

Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boyâ s pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

dimension 2 - depersonalization

ECT stands for ________.

electroconvulsive therapy

________ is/are the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

eustress

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

fight-or-flight

________ is having an experience that is so engaging and engrossing that it becomes worth doing for its own sake. During this state a person might say that they feel that they â lose themselvesâ in the activity.

flow

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client.

free association

A flat tire in the morning, realizing that you forgot to get your homework done, and getting into an argument with a buddy are all examples of ________.

hassles

What is the goal of humanistic therapy?

helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves

The process by which oneâ s physiological defense system becomes less efficient at fighting illness is called ________ and this process is enhanced by elevated stress levels.

immunosuppression

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.

intake

Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe?

involuntary

Which option is the greatest risk factor for the development of burnout?

job strain

Grace is talking with her wife, Myanna. Myanna starts crying, and Grace immediately assumes that Myanna wants a divorce. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

jumping to conclusions

Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________.

less stress than someone who has no effective options

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the bodyâ s immune system are called ________.

lymphocytes

Of the following substances or substance groups, which is the only one where illicit use patterns are higher in those between 12 and 17 years old than those who are 18 to 25 years of age?

marijuana

Jarl makes several minor mistakes during his conversational French class. Instead of thinking, "everyone makes mistakes sometimes," he thinks, "I am so stupid." What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

overgeneralization

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

physiological

Which therapeutic process involves the use of toys?

play therapy

Dr. Kaplan is working with a Japanese-American client, and regards the client's silence as an indication that he is not happy to be in therapy. He fails to consider that his client has learned that authority figures should be shown deference and that his silence is a sign of respect. Dr. Kaplan is demonstrating ________.

poor cultural competence

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress; he immediately uses the internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

proactive

Which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill?

psychiatric hospitals

Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________.

race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment

John was drug-free for almost six months. Then he started hanging out with his addict friends, and he has now started abusing drugs again. This is an example of ________.

relapse

________ have over 85% of the l669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas.

rural areas

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.

severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all different forms of ________.

social support

Martha and Mikey go to meet with a psychotherapist and other parents to learn about their adult son's symptoms of schizophrenia. They spend time discussing the illness, learning to understand his challenges, and getting information about how to most effectively help him recover. This approach is called a ________ group.

structural

What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the therapy session and developing treatment plans for each family member's specific problem?

structural

On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using?

systematic desensitization

Which of the following choices is an emphasis of humanistic approaches to psychotherapy?

the client's present and future

What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy?

thoughts affect behavior

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

transcendental meditation

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Carl Rogers believed most of our psychological problems are the result of repressed impulses and trauma experienced in childhood, and he believed psychoanalysis would help uncover long-buried feelings. A. The name "Carl Rogers" should be changed to the name "Sigmund Freud." B. The word "childhood" should be changed to the word "infancy." C. The word "psychoanalysis" should be changed to the word "humanism." D. The word "repressed" should be changed to the word "conscious."

A. The name "Carl Rogers" should be changed to the name "Sigmund Freud."

Which of the following is least true regarding client-centered therapy? A. Therapists are directive, B. Advice from therapists should not be given. C. The model is humanistic D. Therapists use active listening (reflecting clients' feelings)

A. Therapists are directive,

Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this? A. active listening B. indirect empathy C. personal growth D. unconditional positive regard

A. active listening

Susan admires her boss, Helga. One day Helga forgets her briefcase and Susan loses all admiration for Helga. Susan thinks that a boss is either always perfect or not worthy of admiration. What kind of cognitive distortion is this? A. all-or-nothing thinking B. collapsing boundaries C. jumping to conclusions D. overgeneralization

A. all-or-nothing thinking

Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors? A. behavior B. biomedical C. cognitive D. exposure

A. behavior

Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy. A. biomedical B. cognitive C. humanistic D. RET

A. biomedical

Which group is play therapy often used to treat? A. children B. elderly C. men D. women

A. children

Addiction is often viewed by AA as a(an) ________ disease. A. chronic B. fleeting C. imaginary D. simple

A. chronic

The amount of time spent in therapy depends on the needs of the client and the ________. A. client's personal goals. B. client's personality as determined during intake. C. client's willingness to follow the recommendations of the therapist. D. therapist-client relationship.

A. client's personal goals.

Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy. A. client-centered B. cognitive-behavioral C. ECT D. personality-focused

A. client-centered

The idea behind ________ therapy is that how you think determines how you feel and act. A. cognitive B. cognitive-behavioral C. behavior D. client-centered

A. cognitive

Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A. cognitive therapy B. non-directive therapy C. play therapy D. psychodynamic psychotherapy

A. cognitive therapy

The primary therapeutic orientation used in couples counseling is ________. A. cognitive-behavioral therapy. B. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). C. strategic family therapy. D. structural family therapy.

A. cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so? A. confidentiality B. disclosure C. discretion D. privilege

A. confidentiality

What most often happens to patients after undergoing electroshock therapy? A. depression lifts B. subsequent months of uncontrollable crying C. life-long twitching D. development of schizophrenia

A. depression lifts

Psychoanalysis is to ____ as cognitive-behavioral therapy is to ______. A. dream analysis ; homework assignments. B. homework assignments ; dream analysis C. medication ; free association D. free association ; medication

A. dream analysis ; homework assignments.

Breach of confidentiality is a greater risk in ________ therapy. A. group B. humanistic C. individual D. play

A. group

A potential danger of being on unmonitored antipsychotic medications for long time frames is that it can potentially lead to ______. A. tardive dyskinesia (tremors). B. uncontrollable pain. C. hallucinations D. unexplained agressiveness

A. tardive dyskinesia (tremors).

Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Adderall

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

After wondering for months if he was going to lose his job, Nicolao begins to develop stomach ulcers.

According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), ________ of adults received treatment for a mental health issue. A. 5% B. 13% C. 21% D. 50%

B. 13%

Statistics show that _________ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness. A. 15% B. 26% C. 35% D. 60%

B. 26%

Ritalin is to ____ as Prozac is to ______. A. depression ; ADHD B. ADHD ; depression C. schizophrenia ; panic disorder D. panic disorder ; schizophrenia

B. ADHD ; depression

How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis? A. Behavior therapy involves free association and dream analysis, while psychoanalysis focuses on the use of classical conditioning to change patterns of thinking. B. In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious. C. In psychoanalysis, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while behavior therapy involves digging deeply into one's unconscious. D. Psychoanalysis involves using free association to work through repressed desires, while behavior therapy focuses on how undesirable behaviors are predicted unconsciously, in our dreams.

B. In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious.

________ have over 85% of the l,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas. A. Nursing homes B. Rural areas C. Schools D. Urban areas

B. Rural areas

Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ________. A. anti-anxiety agents. B. antidepressants. C. antipsychotics. D. mood stabilizers.

B. antidepressants.

The major classes of psychiatric drugs are ________ (e.g., Valium and Xanax), ________ (e.g., Zoloft and Prozac), and ________ (e.g. Thorazine and Haldol). A. antipsychotic, anxiety, depression B. anxiety, depression, antipsychotic C. depression, anxiety, antipsychotic D. antipsychotic, depression, anxiety

B. anxiety, depression, antipsychotic

Jim wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Jim using to stop biting his nails? A. aversion therapy B. aversive conditioning C. experience conditioning D. exposure therapy

B. aversive conditioning

Renzo's therapist helps him learn to overcome his fear of dogs through several stages of relaxation techniques. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this best exemplify? A. aversive conditioning B. behavior therapy C. client-centered therapy D. psychodynamic psychotherapy

B. behavior therapy

What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy? A. client's early infancy B. client's present and future C. client's recent past D. client's unconscious desires

B. client's present and future

When an individual has two or more diagnoses (which often includes a substance related diagnosis and another psychiatric diagnosis) this is known as ________. A. bipolar disorder. B. comorbid disorder C. codependency. D. bi-morbid disorder.

B. comorbid disorder

Exposure therapy is a ________ technique. A. classical conditioning B. counterconditioning C. free association D. psychodynamic

B. counterconditioning

Aversive conditioning is a ________. A. classical conditioning therapeutic technique in which a client learns a new response to a stimulus that has previously elicited an undesirable behavior. B. counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior. C. form of psychotherapy that aims to change cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors. D. therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors.

B. counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior.

Which mental disorder is least likely to be treated in children 8-15 years old? A. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) B. dementia disorder C. conduct disorder D. mood disorder

B. dementia disorder

Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client. A. cognitive therapy B. free association C. rational emotive therapy D. transference

B. free association

Which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician? A. couple therapy B. group therapy C. strategic family therapy D. structural family therapy

B. group therapy

What is the goal of humanistic therapy? A. helping clients change undesirable behaviors B. helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves C. learning a new response to a stimulus D. treating a client's fear or anxiety

B. helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves

Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except ________. A. auditory hallucinations. B. sleep episodes. C. paranoia. D. visual hallucinations.

B. sleep episodes.

For Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this? A. dream analysis B. stimulus hierarchy C. virtual hierarchy D. virtual reality exposure

B. stimulus hierarchy

Client-centered, psychoanalysis, and cognitive therapies all have what in common? A. behavior cures. B. talking cures. C. repression cures. D. sleeping cures.

B. talking cures.

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

Buying a new home

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ________ of U.S. adults experience mental illness. A. 13% B. 15% C. 19% D. 25%

C. 19%

Antipsychotic medicines were first introduced in ________. A. 1850. B. 1933. C. 1954. D. 1960.

C. 1954.

Regarding traditional psychoanalysis, which of the following statements is least true? A. A major technique in psychoanalysis is dream analysis. B. Freud believed that the ability to understand transference is essential to a client's success in psychoanalysis. C. Freud's felt that the ego would never try to block or repress unacceptable urges or painful conflicts during free association. D. Patients are instructed to lay down on a couch.

C. Freud's felt that the ego would never try to block or repress unacceptable urges or painful conflicts during free association.