Ch 16. Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood

25 to 34 years of age

Work and friendship are more important than family.

______ theory states that the more participatory and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives.

Activity

Gloria is an older woman who lives alone and doesn't go out often. She rarely has visitors. What is she at risk for?

Early death

What does the activity theory state?

The more active and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives.

What did a 7 year study show about married adults over the age of 75?

They were less likely to die.

The (fastest/slowest) growing segment of the population using the internet today are older adults.

fastest

Compared with younger adults, older adults experience ______.

fewer emotional highs and lows

Selective ____________ with compensation theory states that older adults can produce new resources and allocate them effectively to tasks they want to master. (Watch your spelling!)

optimization

In selective optimization with compensation theory, ______ refers to older adults having a reduced capacity and loss of functioning, which require a reduction in performance in most life domains.

selection

Which statements are true about social support in late adulthood? (Choose every correct answer.)

- Adequate social support can help decrease the chance of institutionalization. - Good support systems can slow cognitive decline.

Which statements about older adults and their children are true?

- Adult children are an important part of their parents' social network. - Research on the emotional quality of parent-child relationships has shown mixed results.

Which of the following populations are at particular risk for poverty in late adulthood? (Choose every correct answer.)

- African American - Latinos

Which of the following personality traits are linked to longer life?

- Conscientiousness - Extraversion

Which of the following statements are true about emotion in late adulthood?

- Contentment tends to increase in late adulthood, especially when people feel connected to loved ones. - Older adults are better at ignoring negative information and remembering positive information.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding divorce in later adulthood?

- Divorce is more common among younger adults than older adults. - Divorce tends to increase the risk of financial problems, especially for women. - Most adult children support their parents' decision to remarry.

What are some of the reasons older adults cohabit? (Choose every correct answer.)

- For companionship - To provide care for each other - To maintain separate assets

Which of the following factors are important for successful aging?

- Having cognitive stimulation - Being socially active - Having an active lifestyle

According to selective optimization with compensation theory, when do older adults need to compensate later in life?

- In circumstances with high mental demands - When performing tasks that require quick reactions - In circumstances with high physical demands

Which of the following are ways older adults are often perceived?

- Incapable of enjoying sex - Incapable of learning new things - Incapable of thinking clearly

Which of the following outcomes have researchers linked to poverty in late adulthood? (Select all that apply.)

- Increase in physical and mental health problems - Slower cognitive processing speeds - Increased risk of earlier death

Which of the following factors are likely to predict whether a culture accords a position of high status to older adults? (Choose every correct answer.)

- Older persons control key family resources. - The extended family is a common family arrangement in the culture. - Older persons are permitted to engage in useful functions as long as possible.

Which of the following are policy issues affecting the United States as the population ages?

- Poverty among older adults - Burden on the economy - Social safety net

Older adults use the internet on a regular basis to _______.

- Research health questions - Write personal emails - Communicate with family

Which of the following factors are likely to predict whether a culture accords a position of high status to older adults? (Select all that apply.)

- There is role continuity throughout the lifespan. - Older adults are integrated into extended families. - Older persons have valuable knowledge.

In which of the following ways are older adults discriminated against?

- They're eased out of old jobs. - They're not hired for new jobs. - They're shunned socially.

Which statements are true regarding marriage and older adults? (Choose every correct answer.)

- Women are far more likely than men to be widowed. - The stress of caring for a sick partner can lead to challenges with intimacy. - Marital satisfaction is linked to longer lifespan and less cognitive decline.

Which of these are benefits of volunteering in late adulthood?

- increasing life expectancy - social integration - providing a sense of meaningfulness

Which of the following are reasons why African American and Latino adults are at particular risk in late adulthood?

-Lower educational attainment - Racism - Poverty

People in which of the following age groups said they personally invested more time in work, friends, family, and independence, in that order?

25 to 34 years of age

Prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults, is called _________

Ageism

What is it called when older adults are discriminated against because of their age?

Ageism

"Be willing to let others help you" is an example of a(n) ______ strategy for older adults.

Compensation

In selective optimization with compensation theory, _____ strategies that can help older adults include searching for other ways to achieve what one wants, being willing to let others help, and trying new ways to achieve similar results.

Compensation

In selective optimization with compensation theory, ______________ becomes relevant when life tasks require more capacity than an older adult currently exhibits.

Compensation

Selective optimization with ______ theory states that older adults can produce new resources and allocate them effectively to the tasks they want to master.

Compensation

True or false: Experts believe that selective narrowing of social interactions is an unhealthy reaction to aging.

False

35 to 65 years of age

Family becomes more important than friends.

Resolving regrets in older adults has been related to ______.

Greater life satisfaction

70 to 84 years of age

Health becomes most important.

Which behaviors have been linked to health benefits for older adults?

Helping others

In recent years, the number of older adults cohabiting has ______.

Increased

According to socioemotional selectivity theory, what are the two important classes of goals?

Knowledge related and emotional

According to socioemotional selectivity theory, ______ goals decrease in late adulthood and _______ goals increase.

Knowledge-related; emotional

Judy reminisces about when her children were young. She reveals to her daughter that she often felt tired and discouraged during those times. Seeing her children as parents helps Judy to realize that she was and is a good mother. This is an aspect of Judy's ______.

Life Review

______ older adults are less likely than ______ adults to need formal social supports.

Married; non-married

In selective optimization with compensation theory, to which concept does the term selection refer?

Older adults have a reduced capacity and loss of functioning, which require a reduction in performance in most life domains.

According to the selective optimization with compensation theory, ______ suggests that it is possible to maintain performance in some areas through continued practice and the use of new technologies.

Optimization

When referring to the selective optimization with compensation theory, ____________ suggests that it is possible to maintain performance in some areas through continued practice and the use of new technologies.

Optimization

Which pattern of aging characterizes people who show more decline than average?

Pathological

The state of the economy, the provision of health care, and generational inequity are examples of ______ issues in an aging society.

Policy

______ in late adulthood is linked to an increase in physical and mental health problems.

Poverty

High levels of conscientiousness in older adults are linked to ______.

Reduced mortality rates

Therapy for older adults that involves discussing past activities and experiences with another individual or group is called _________ therapy.

Reminiscence

What is it called when an individual discusses past activities and experiences with another individual or group?

Reminiscence therapy

Which term refers to perceived control over the environment and the ability to produce positive outcomes?

Self-efficacy

Selective narrowing of _____________ interactions maximizes positive emotional experiences and minimizes emotional risks as individuals become older.

Social

The convoy model of social relations is best described as a personal network of individuals to whom one gives and from whom one receives ______ support.

Social

Which theory explains why older adults spend more time with close friends and family members?

Socioemotional selectivity theory

Which theory states that older adults narrow their social networks?

Socioemotional selectivity theory

According to research, adult daughters are ______ adult sons to give parents assistance with daily living activities.

Three times more likely than

85 to 105 years of age

Very little change occurs in personal investments.

In the social ___________ model of social relations, individuals go through life embedded in a personal network of individuals to whom they give and from whom they receive social support.

convoy

Successful aging involves self-efficacy, or perceived control over the ___________

environment

The __________ pattern of aging characterizes people who maintain their skills and health longer than average.

successful