CH 16 under-nutrition throughout the world

LOW INCOME FAMILY: LOW INCOME CHILDREN(school-age): LOW INCOME PREGNANT WOMEN/INFANTS/CHILDREN UNDER 5: AGED 60 + HOUSEBOUND:

(Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program SNAP) (National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs) (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children WIC) (Home-Delivered Meals)

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the World Health Organization estimates that world agriculture produces enough food to supply at least 2700 cal per person on the planet (IF THIS IS THE CASE WHY ARE NEARLY 1 BILLION PEOPLE UNDERNOURISHED)

(all correct)

MODERATE MATERNAL IODIDE DEFICIENCY

(can impair cognitive ability of the offspring)

How is HIV transmitted

-blood -semen -vaginal secretion -human milk

correcting iodide deficiency with supplements could improve IQ by

10-15 points

T / F: Iodine status in this cohort of pregnant women in Tasmania was related to socioeconomic status

FALSE

match the condition to corresponding nutrient deficiency that it causes: blind from a diet devoid of fortified milk, animal products, or dark yellow and orange fruits and veggies _______ daughter Anisa has poorly calcified bones and her legs bow out as a result a diet deficient in fortified dairy and a lack of exposure to sunshine:_______ son Anise has poor cognitive function and retarded growth as a result of a diet devoid of meat, fish, and whole-grain or enriched breads:______ Enlarged thyroid gland due to a dependence on unfortified salt:______

VITAMIN A VITAMIN D IRON IODIDE

the Hunger Project, an organization committed to the sustainable end of world hunger is:

a global movement involving many nations

Urban agriculture has potential to improve food security and nutritional status for low-income, populations. HOWEVER WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING EXPLAINS WHY THE IMPOVERISHED URBAN COMMUNITIES MAY NOT BENEFIT FROM THIS?

commercial urban gardens produce specialty crops and flower for upscale clients

What has largest impact on the spread of infectious diseases in the developing world?

contaminated water

In the Hunger Cycle shown, undernutririon increases susceptibility to disease. The presence of disease, then:

decreases a person's ability to grow or buy food

For HIV infected moms and their infants who have access to anti-retro-viral therapy WHO recommends....

exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life followed by introduction of solid foods and mixed feeding

Which of the following is the only way to 100% prevent MTCT of HIV after birth?

exclusive formula feeding

Which of the following is a long-term solution for the problem of world hunger?

provideing fishing nets, boats, and instruction on starting a fishing business to an impoverished family in Lagos, Nigeria

Why advise against mixing breastfeeding and formula feeding for infants of HIV + women without ART?

research indicates increased rate of infant HIV infection with mixed feedings

Urban agriculture influences local communities and economies by increasing ____

the availability of low-cost, nutrient-dense foods may improves nutritional status

USA residents SNAP use electronic benefit transfer card to pruchase certain items: CAN BUY SNAP: CAN'T BUY SNAP:

(garden seeds) (breakfast cereal) (fruit) (alcohol) (toilet paper) (tobacco)

match cause of malnutrition to the classification: ENVIRONMENTAL: INFRASTRUCTURE: FINANCIAL: REPRODUCTIVE: GEOPOLITICAL: DISEASE:

(inappropriate farming techniques have led to insufficient water available to some farming communities) (a poor network of roads limit certain communities access to weekly markets and food available there) (a history of corruption and mismanagement of funds has led the country to be indebted to other larger nations) (relatively high total fertility rate increases the number of people in a family who need food) (internal civil war and unrest has resulted in the need for many men working age to leave their families and work non-agricultural jobs) (insufficient prevention and treatment programs increase the rate of HIV/AIDS which in turn negatively affects nutritional status)

Economists predict that worldwide food production will eventually lag behind population growth, leading to food shortages. IDENTIFY REASONS FOR THIS TREND:

-Natural resources, such as good farmland and adequate water supply are being depleted by non-sustainable agricultural practices -many families lack access to effective birth control, especially in the developing world

Worldwide daily hunger is a reality for almost 1 billion people. check all that apply to world hunger:

-almost all of those who suffer from food insecurity, hunger, or malnutrition are poor -agricultural production is sufficient to provide enough food energy for the world's 7 billion people -children under age 5 are the most susceptible to malnutriton

Food pantries and soup kitchens in the USA are important parts of the safety nets that helps prevent hunger and malnutrition in country. Still, there are shortcomings to these problems. WHICH ARE LIMITATIONS OF FOOD PANTRIES AND SOUP KITCHENS IN USA:

-most of these facilities can provide only one box of food per family per month and this is insufficient to meet food needs -many recipients of these programs lack the cooking facilities necessary to prepare the food they receive -food availability through soup kitchens and pantries is limited in many cities

Opponents of genetic engineering cite a number of limitations to bioengineering the food supply. Why do genetic engineering opponents believe GMO foods should not be included in food supply?

-opponents are concerned that seeds produced with additional insecticides potentially will lead to rapid insect resistance -concerned that accidental release of GMO animals such as fish may go on to harm wild varieties -concerned that the person/farmer who cannot afford to buy enough food today will still face that problem in the future as only landowners and suppliers of biotechnology will enjoy benefits

The Female Community Health Volunteer in her village says that breastfeeding is superior to formula feeding. WHICH OF FOLLOWING ARE CORRECT:

-the water supply used to mix formula powder may not be safe-whereas human milk is more hygienic -breast milk contains immune factors that are not available in formula -some poor families over-dilute or use too little expensive formula to meet the growing baby's needs

How much of world populations is at risk of iodide deficiency

40%

T/ F: current food aid programs in US are sufficient to meet the needs of hungry and food insecure Americans?

FALSE

age 8 boy family has food insecurity -is short for his age and his teacher has recently noticed that he is falling asleep during class and seems unable to concentrate on tasks-a deficiency in WHAT NUTRIENT is likely at the root of these deficits in growth, physical stamina, and mental ability?

IRON

There are many contributors to malnutrition and hunger HOWEVER one factor stands out among others..PRIMARY CAUSE

POVERTY

T / F: it is possible to be both overnourished and undernourished at the same time?

TRUE

financial support for urban agriculture comes from

all correct (includes: private foundations)

effect of iodide deficiency

all correct (includes: stunting growth)

How does AIDs contribute to malnutrition?

all of these correct (high med cost is one answer)

estimated that a 10 x 10 meter city plot could yield a households yearly veggies needs and make a significant contribution to meeting requirements for vitamin A, C, B-vitamins, and iron. HOWEVER NEGATIVE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF URBAN GARDENING INCLUDE...

exposure to toxic contaminants

effects of iodide deficiency are most severe when the deficiency occurs during

gestation or early infancy

one part of the mission of the Peace Corps is:

help promote a better understanding of Americans on the part of the peoples served

How does the problem of malnutrition around the world differ now compared to 30 years ago?

malnutrition 30 ago was perceived as a technical problem with challenges to produce enough food for a growing population NOW-the problem is more related to how to achieve cooperation among/within nations so that gains in food productions and infrastructure might benefit.

a lack of adequate storage and transportation which leads to food spoilage:

poor infrastructure

Leading cause of undernutrition in US is?

poverty