Ch 17-2, The Northern Renaissance
What does "utopia" mean?
means "no place", today it means the ideal place.
Who was referred to as the world's greatest playwright and writer of the Elizabethan Age?
William Shakespeare
What changes in the society did the European Renaissance cause?
1. All those created by the printing press. 2. Christian humanist reform changed views of how life should be lived. 3. People began to question political structure and religious practices.
What did the works of DaVinci, Michelangelo and Raphael and Renaissance writers accomplish?
1. Demonstrated interest in classical culture. 2. Created a curiosity about the world. 3. Created a belief in the human potential. These ideas impressed scholars, students, and merchants who visited Italy spreading Renaissance ideas.
What factors lead to the beginning of the renaissance in Northern Europe?
1. Population began to grow after bubonic plague declined. 2. Hundred year war between France & England ended. 3. Urban merchants became wealthy enough to give patronages to artists. 4. England & France had strong monarchs, sponsored artist by supporting and purchasing their works. 5. Humanist ideas spread to north after scholars, students, and merchants visited Italy.
What were the major effects of the invention of the printing press on society?
1. Printer could produce hundreds of copies of a work making more information available. 2. Books cheap enough that many people could buy. 3. Produced a variety of books other than religious books. 4 Greater availability of books promoted increase in learning. 5. Laws were published, people got better understanding of their rights. 6. Increased the questioning of political structures and religious practices
What are some ways that Shakespeare's work showed Renaissance influence?
1. Revered the classics for inspiration and plots 2. A command of the English language (venacular) 3. Deep understanding of human nature. 4. Dramatic conflict involving human flaws.
What techniques did Bruegel use to give life to his paintings?
1. Rich colors 2. Vivid Details 3. Balanced use of space to give sense of life and feeling.
What changes in the Arts did the European Renaissance cause?
1. Techniques and styles of Greece and Rome. 2. Portrayed individuals and nature as more realistic and lifelike. 3. Art was both secular and religious. 4. Writers used the vernacular to express ideas. 5. Artist praised individual achievement.
What was the focus of Christian Humanism?
1. To reform society and 2. To promote education, especially for women. 3. Foundation of schools for girls and boys.
When did Queen Elizabeth I reign?
1558 to 1603
Why did artists in 1494 move to northern Europe?
A French King invaded Naples in southern Italy and waged a war to the north. Artist moved to Europe for saftey, helped spread European Renaissance.
Why were the mid-1500s referred to as the Elizabethan Age?
After Queen Elizabeth I, who was reigning over England at the time. She spoke 4 languages and wrote poetry and music.
Who invented movable type in 1045?
Bi Sheng of China
Was art secular or religious?
Both
What was art influenced by?
Classical Greece and Rome
Who were two of the best-known Christian humanist?
Desiderius Erasmus of Holland and Thomas More.
What did Christine de Pizan promote?
Education and equal treatment for boys and girls.
Christine de Pizan
First women writers, defender of women education and woman's rights. The different treatment of boys and girls.
What was the artistic center of Northern Europe?
Flanders
Albrecht Dürer?
German artist famous for realistic woodcuts and engravings. His works portrayed religious subjects, classical myths, and realistic landscapes. The popularity of his works helped spread Renaissance ideas.
Hans Holbien?
German painter, photographic like portraits of English royalty.
Desiderius Erasmus's book, Praise of Folly, pokes fun at whom?
Greedy Merchants, lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests.
What were northern humanists interested in?
Ideal of human dignity and social reform based on Judeo-Christian values.
What did art praise?
Individual achievement
What is unique about moveable type?
It uses a separate piece of type for each character.
What Flemish painter pioneered oil-based painting (layer on layer of paint to obtain subtle colors)?
Jan van Eyck
Who incorporated movable type and other new technologies to develop a printing press in 1440?
Johann Gutenberg a German craftsman.
Where were Shakespeare's plays performed?
London's Globe Theatre
When did the Renaissance spread to England?
Mid-1500s
By the late 1400's where did the Renaissance spread?
Northern Europe - especially England, France, Germany and Flanders (part of France & Netherlands).
In addition to the new painting techniques that Van Eyck created, what else was notable about his painting?
Paintings displayed unusually realistic details to reveal the personalities of his subjects.
What Flemish artist captured realistic scenes of peasant life?
Pieter Bruegel
What happened after the end of the plague in 1450 and the Hundred Years' War in 1453?
Populations began to grow, Cities grew rapidly
What were Northern Renaissance artists interested in?
Realism
Where was Shakespeare born?
Stratford-upon-Avon, England
Italy had strong city-states what did England and France have?
Strong Monarchs.
What unified Europe and France?
Strong monarchs that were patrons of the arts.
What was the first book Gutenburg printed?
The Holy Bible
What did Thomas More write?
The book "Utopia", a description of a model society with no greed, no corruption and no war. People lived in peace and harmony with very little need for money?
What was Fontainebleau
The castle of Francis I ruler of France. Hired Italian architects and artists to rebuild and decorate. Became a showcase for Renaissance art.
What were Northern humanists critical of?
The failure of the Christian Church to inspire people to live a Christian life. This was called Christian Humanism.
What did writers use?
Their vernacular language.
What did merchants in northern cities do when they became wealthy?
They became patrons of the arts and sponsored artists.