Ch. 17 Lesson 2 The First Global Economic Systems
What is the Colombian Exchange? (1500s)
The trade and exchange of plants and animals to gain wealth between Europe and the Americas.
What did the government do to stimulate the growth of industries and trade?
They placed high taxes on imports to keep the balance of trade and gave subsidies to new industries.
Because France has a rivalry with England, what do they try to do?
They try to colonize land because they don't have access to the water so they build an army.
Colonists in the Americas established plantations to grow what?
Sugar, cotton, vanilla, and other crops.
What is colonization?
Taking a piece of land and making it your own.
How did the triangular trade function?
1) European merchant ships carried European goods to Africa where they were traded for enslaved people. 2) The Africans were sent to the Americas and sold. 3) European merchants bought tobacco, molasses, sugar made in the Americas and shipped them back to Europe.
What is a regime?
A government in power.
What is a colony?
A permanent settlement of people under the control of a bigger country, until they may reach independence.
What is the effect of encomienda on colonization that was given to Spain to Spanish settlers?
A plantation system that gave the Spanish the right to use Native Americans as slaves.
Why did the demand for enslaved Africans increase when the Europeans had settlements in the Americas?
Because Europeans in the 1490s needed slaves to work on plantations to grow sugarcane.
In 1588 when Spanish armada is defeated by Britain, what happens?
Britain become the #1 sea power in the world and will become the first global empire bc of their navy.
How did Europeans want to increase their wealth?
By using their sources of precious metals and raw materials in their colonies, and increasing export price of goods.
What drove the Colombian Exchange?
Colonization and trade.
Who was involved in the triangular trade?
Europe, Africa, and the American continents.
How is slavery different in the 1600s from ancient times?
In the 1600s it is based on skin color, as opposed to who conquered who in ancient times.
What was the effect of the slave trade?
It depopulated some areas, the desire of slaves increased warfare in Africa, increased raids, and caused many deaths in Africa and on the journey to the Americas.
How did the European age of exploration change Africa and mainland Southeast Asia?
It had a strong impact on local societies and regional trade patterns.
How did the European age of exploration change the Americas and Spice Islands?
It lead to the destruction of local cultures and the establishment of European colonies.
What did mercantilists believe?
That the prosperity of a nation depends on a large supply of bullion, or gold and silver.
What is a trade center?
Not a permanent settlement. More for people and boats passing through.
What are subsidies?
Payments made to enterprises a government thinks are beneficial.
What positive things did America bring to the Europeans?
Potatoes, cocoa, corn, tomatoes, and tobacco.
Before Europeans arrived in Africa, most enslaved persons in Africa were what?
Prisoners of war.
What was the key part of European trade?
Slave trade.
What were the negative things Europeans brought to the Americas?
Smallpox, measles, and typhus killed natives.
Who were European nations led by to establish trading posts and colonies in the Americas and East?
Spain and Portugal.
What countries were the other European trading powers?
The Dutch, English, and French who expanded into Asia.
What did the Dutch form in Southeast Asia that pushed the Portuguese out of the spice trade?
The East India Company to gain control of the spice trade and gain wealth.
After the Dutch, who else began to increase their presence in India?
The English.
The slaves' journey from Africa to the Americas was known as what?
The Middle Passage.
What is the balance of trade?
The difference in value between what a nation imports and what it exports over time.
What positive things did Europeans bring to the Americas?
Wheat, citrus fruit, honeybees, horses, and cattle.
How did European expansion affect Africa?
With a dramatic increase in the slave trade.
What were the negative things the Americas brought to Europe?
Yellow Fever and Malaria from mosquitos.
