Ch. 17 Quiz
What change within the Jewish community accompanied the Haskalah Enlightenment movement?
Increased interactions with Christians occurred as rabbinic controls diminished.
The birth and growth of a European consumer society succeeded despite
attacks by writers and intellectuals who claimed that humans were becoming gluttonous animals.
A striking feature of the salons was that
philosophes, nobles, and members of the upper middle class intermingled.
Copernicus's theory of the universe
postulated a sun-centered view of the universe.
Johannes Kepler believed that the elliptical orbit of planets
produced a musical harmony of heavenly bodies.
All of the following correctly characterize the role of women in the new science except
women were forbidden from publishing learned treatises
By the eighteenth century, many Europeans began to try to provide a rationale for the institution of slavery based predominantly on
The purported mental- and thus racial- inferiority of African people
What was the primary goal of Galileo's experimental method?
To discover what did occur in nature rather than to speculate on what should occur
In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe, doctors viewed insanity as a physical rather than an emotional ailment caused by
an imbalance of bodily humors.
The discipline of natural philosophy focused on
fundamental questions about the nature, purpose, and function of the universe.
Montesquieu's Persian Letters, anonymously published in the Dutch Republic in 1721, is an example of
political critiques of European politics and society that were disguised as travel accounts.
Irish Catholics became a persecuted majority in their own country when William III defeated the deposed Catholic king James's Irish supporters in 1689 and
the Protestant-controlled Irish Parliament passed a series of anti-Catholic laws.
The most influential aspect of René Descartes' theories of nature was that
the universe functioned in a mechanistic fashion
Which of the following statements about the Atlantic slave trade in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries is not true?
By the time the slave trade began to wind down, in the mid-nineteenth century, some five million Africans had been sold as slaves in the Americas. *
Which powers participated in the partitioning of Poland in the late eighteenth century?
Prussia, Russia, and Austria
What core concept of the Enlightenment was the most important and original?
The methods of natural science should be used to examine all aspects of life.
To improve the rural economy and the lives of peasants, Empress Maria Theresa
reduced nobles' power over their serfs.
How did Enlightenment thinkers differ from those of the Middle Ages and Renaissance?
Enlightenment thinkers believed that thought had progressed far beyond that of antiquity, which demonstrated the possibility of human progress.
In general, what was Voltaire's attitude toward government?
He believed that a good monarch was the best one could hope for.
In Persian Letters, what did the Baron de Montesquieu use to symbolize Eastern political tyranny?
The oppression of women in a Persian harem
Why did scientists find that Protestant countries were more conducive to their work, especially after 1640?
Protestant countries generally lacked a strong religious authority capable of censoring or suppressing scientific work that challenged religious doctrine.
Between 1690 and 1740, all of the following geopolitical developments had occurred in Europe except one.
The boundaries of the Habsburg domains had been settled.
One result of Louis XIV's revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 was
The creation of a highly educated and influential opposition group willing to express its criticism of monarchical absolutism in writing.
Catherine the Great of Russia came to power in 1762 through
a military coup.
Demographic historians speak of a "population explosion" beginning in the seventeenth century, which they attribute to all of the following factors except
a rise in the birthrate.
The seventeenth-century Protestant revival known as Pietism, which became popular in the German Lutheran states, the Dutch Republic, and Scandinavia,
encouraged an intense emotionalism, even ecstasy, in religious worship as well as participation in daily catechism instruction and frequent prayer meetings.
How did Isaac Newton's law of gravity bring the Scientific Revolution to maturity?
Newton synthesized mathematics with physics and astronomy to demonstrate that the entire universe was unified into one coherent system.
How did the scientific revolution affect the economy in the seventeenth century?
The new science had few practical economic applications.
The slave trade and the plantation system had a lasting impact on Europe because they
permanently altered consumption patterns for ordinary people
