ch. 18 & 19 arteries, veins & functions of vessels

Artery

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart chambers, have muscular walls to regulate blood flow and are typically high-pressure vessles.

Hepatic artery

A branch of the celiac trunk. Carries oxygen rich blood to the liver.

Hypertension

Abnormally high blood pressure

Hypotension

Abnormally low blood pressure

Cardiac output

Amount of blood pumped out of heart in one minute. (Average is 5L)

Blood pressure is highest in which vessel?

Aorta.. closest to left ventricle

Ascending aorta

Arises from the left heart ventricle

Right and left carotid arteries

Arteries in the neck

Aorta segments

Ascending, arch, thoracic, abdominal

Posterior trivial arteries

Behind ankle

Popliteal arteries

Behind the knee

Sphygmomanometer

Blood pressure cuff

Arterioles

Blood vessels that are smaller branches off of arteries. Called resistance vessels.

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

Three arteries that arise from the aortic arch

Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left and right subclavian

Cardiac output

CO

Arterioles

Carry blood from the arteries into capillaries. Composes primarily of smooth muscle.

Branches of the abdominal aorta

Celiac trunk- 2 mesenteric, 2 renal

Vasoconstriction

Decreased diameter of vessels, increased blood pressure

Aorta

Diameter of a garden hose

Pulse pressure

Difference between systolic and diastolic

Exchange in capillaries occurs through

Diffusion and osmosis

Venae Cavae

Divided into superior and inferior

Hepatic veins

Drains blood from liver and delivers it to Venae cavae

Hepatic Portal Circulation

Drains digestive organs, spleen and pancreas and delivers blood to liver.

Renal Veins

Drains into inferior Venae Cavae. From kidneys

Hepatic vein

Drains into inferior Venae Cavae. From liver.

Saphenous veins

Drains into the inferior Venae Cavae. Runs foot to thigh. Longest vein in the body. Often "borrowed" to use for bypass surgery.

Hypertension can cause

Enlarged heart, kidney problems, vessels to rupture, retina damage .

Organs of excretion

Ex. Kidneys, lungs

Aortic arch

Extends from the ascending aorta to the beginning of the descending aorta.

Ascending aorta

Feeds coronary arteries.

Blood presure

Force that excerpts against the walls of the blood vessels.

Subclavian vein

From Superior Venae Cavae. Run under clavicles. Frequently used for central lines.

Thoracic artery

From arch to diaphragm in the thoracic cavity.

Thoracic artery

Gives rise to intercostal arteries

Veins

Have valves to prevent backflow

Order of vessels

Heart, Artery, Arteriole, Capillary, Venule, Vein

Ischemia

Impaired blood flow and oxygen deprivation.

Vasodilation

Increased diameter of vessels. Lower blood pressure

Blood pressure is lowest in which vessel?

Inferior Venae Cavae( receives blood from feet travels the farthest)

Brachial arteries

Inside elbow, commonly used for blood pressure

Veins that drain into the Venae cavae

Jugular, subclavian, brachiocephalic (2)

Portal Vein

Large vein that carries blood from the organs of digestion to the liver.

Aorta

Largest artery in the body

Venae Cavae

Main vein

Internal jugglar vein

Main vein that drains the brain.

Capillaries

Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between the blood and cells of the body.

Aorta

Mother of all arteries

Radial arteries

On wrist

First sign of blocked arteries

Pain

Systolic

Pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction

Diastolic

Pressure in the arteries when ventricles are relaxed.

Blood pressure is determined by

Pumping action of the heart and the diameter of the blood vessels

Blood pressure is needed to

Push blood through the blood vessels to an organ

Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

Resistance offered by peripheral blood vessels.

Inferior Venae cavae

Returns blood to the heart from lower parts of the body.

Superior Venae Cavae

Returns blood to the heart from the upper extremities, head, & shoulders

Lower extremity arteries

Right and left common Iliac arteries- femoral-popliteal- anterior & posterior tibial- dorsal pedis

Abdominal aorta

Runs from the diaphragm to lower abdomen

If blood pressure is too low

Shock

External Jugular veins

Superior Venae Cavae. Drains blood from the face, scalp, and neck. Considered a peripheral vein, can start an IV here.

Jugular veins

Superior Venae Cavae. Drains blood from the head. Drain into subclavian veins

Celiac trunk

Supplies blood to stomach, spleen, and liver

2 Mesenteric arteries

Supply blood to intestines

2 renal arteries

Supply blood to kidneys

Korotkoff sounds

Tapping sounds heard when taking blood presure

Brachiocephalic artery

The first major branch off of the aorta and the major artery to the forelimbs and head. On right side of body.

Three groups of blood vessels associated with hepatic circulation.

The portal vein, the hepatic veins, the hepatic artery

Venule

The very small veins that connect capillaries to the larger veins

When in shock, blood flow goes?

To vital organs

Dorslis Pedis

Top of foot

Femoral arteries

Top of thigh, groin area

Venae Cavae

Two largest veins in the body these are the veins that return blood into the heart.

Thoracic artery

Upper portion of the descending aorta.