Ch. 18 Microbiology

Distinctive red rash on the face that makes a child appear to have a

"slapped cheek". Common in kids ages 5 to 15

Infectious mononucleosis

( "mono," "kissing disease")Caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is also known as human herpesvirus 4; a DNA virus, Transmission: person-to-person, saliva.

Type A hepatitis

(HAV infection, infectious hepatitis, epidemic Hepatitis)

Type B hepatitis

(HBV infection, serum hepatitis)

Type C hepatitis

(HCV infection, non-A non-B hepatitis)

Genital warts

(genital papillomatosis),Human papillomaviruses (HPV); DNA viruses,Transmission: via sexual contact,Genital warts can become malignant.

How many different types of human papillomaviruses (HPV), DNA viruses

70

Avian influenza (bird flu)

Avian influenza virus type A; three prominent subtypes - H5, H7, and H9, Bird-to-human transmission

Viral respiratory disease

Caused by adenovirus, rhinoviruses, transmission via direct oral contact or by droplets.

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM)

Caused by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Transmission occurs via exposure to mouse droppings, saliva

Mumps

Caused by mumps virus—an RNA virus, Transmission occurs via infected humans by direct contact with saliva.

Poliomyelitis (polio, infantile paralysis)

Caused by polioviruses—RNA viruses, Transmission is person-to-person, via the fecal-oral route

Rabies

Caused by rabies virus; bullet-shaped, enveloped RNA virus, Many reservoirs, including dogs, foxes, skunks, raccon, bats

Type D hepatitis

Exposure to infected blood and body fluids, etc.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

HIV—two types: HIV-1 (most common) and HIV-2; ssRNA viruses

Genital herpes infections are most often caused by

HSV-2.

Keratoconjunctivitis may also be caused by

Herpes simplex

DNA viruses in the family

Herpesviridae

Viral meningitis (aka aseptic meningitis)

Inflammation of the meninges (Brain membranes). Symptoms include headache, fever, sensitivity

conjunctivitis

Inflammation of when only the conjunctiva

Effects of Viral diseases

Inflammation, Cancer (Hepatitis Viruses, Liver cancer, HPV,Cervical cancer)

Influenza, flu

Influenza viruses, types A, B, and C; RNA viruses; transmission is via infected humans.

Measles (hard measles, rubeola)

Measles virus, an RNA virus

Monkeypox

Monkeypox virus, a DNA virus

The common cold (acute viral rhinitis)

Most common viral infections

Chickenpox and shingles

Poxvirus, DNA virus

Measles

Rash allover the body, highly contagious, spreads through the coughing and sneezing. starts with fever, runny nose, cough, red eyes, and sore throat. Rubella is more mild

German measles (rubella)

Rubella virus, an RNA virus

Viral gastroenteritis (viral enteritis, viral diarrhea)

The most common viruses infecting children in their first years of life are enteric adenoviruses, astroviruses, caliciviruses, and rotaviruses.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)

Transmission:via infected individuals by respiratory droplets, or by touching the mouth, nose, or eye after touching a contaminated surface or object.

Smallpox

Two strains: variola minor and variola major, a DNA virus

Anogenital herpes viral infections (genital herpes)

Usually caused by herpes simplex HSV-2; occasionally by HSV-1,Transmission occurs via sexual contact; oral-genital

Cold sores (fever blisters, herpes labialis)

Usually caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), but can be caused by type 2 (HSV-2)

keratitis

When inflammation happens only in the cornea (outermost layer covering the iris and pupil)

Hepatitis A virus (HAV)—

a linear ssRNA virus, Fecal-oral transmission

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN):

abnormal changes in the cervix due to HPV infection.

Other cold-causing viruses include

adenoviruses

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)—

an enveloped, circular dsDNA virus,Sexual transmission or household contact with an infected person; injected drug use; tattooing

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)—

an enveloped, linear ssRNA virus,Sexual transmission or household contact

Conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis

caused by various types of adenoviruses

Many viruses cause

colds.

Severe multisystem syndrome,

damages blood vessels, Caused by many different viruses, including dengue virus, yellow fever virus, Ebola virus, and Marburg virus

One out of 6 women

develop CIN 1 which does not require treatment.

Ebola and Marburg are

extremely large filamentous viruses, Transmission: person-to-person, via direct contact with infected blood, secretions, internal organs

Transmission via infected humans, most often by way of the

fecal-oral route; possibly from contaminated water and shellfish.

Conjunctiva

membrane covering the front surface of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids

Viruses

multiply within living cells

Pigs and birds may also serve as

reservoirs

Transmission for common cold occurs via

respiratory secretions

Viruses infecting children and adults include

rotaviruses.

Rhinoviruses (more than 100 serotypes) are the major cause of

the common cold

Infected cells may produce

toxins

Cells destruction during

viral release by lysis or budding off