Ch 18 quizzes

The correct answer is: aortic aneurysm.

A 60-year-old female presents with a tearing sensation in her lower back. Her skin is sweaty and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect: Select one: A. aortic aneurysm. B. strangulated hernia. C. kidney stones. D. acute pancreatitis.

The correct answer is: protect her airway from aspiration.

A 30-year-old woman with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. Her skin is cool, pale, and clammy; her heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak; and her blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg. Your MOST immediate action should be to: Select one: A. rapidly transport her to the hospital. B. keep her supine and keep her warm. C. give her high-flow supplemental oxygen. D. protect her airway from aspiration.

The correct answer is: Mallory-Weiss tear.

A 29-year-old pregnant woman has had severe vomiting for the last 2 days. Today, she is vomiting large amounts of blood. Her skin is cool and pale and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect: Select one: A. esophagitis. B. acute pancreatitis. C. esophageal varices. D. Mallory-Weiss tear.

The correct answer is: be alert for signs and symptoms of shock.

A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to: Select one: A. transport him in a supine position. B. determine the exact location and cause of his pain. C. assess his blood pressure to determine perfusion adequacy. D. be alert for signs and symptoms of shock.

The correct answer is: administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport.

A 59-year-old male presents with sudden-onset severe lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should: Select one: A. request a paramedic unit to give the patient pain medication. B. administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport. C. vigorously palpate the abdomen to establish pain severity. D. place the patient in a sitting position and transport at once.

The correct answer is: loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues.

A strangulated hernia is one that: Select one: A. loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues. B. spontaneously reduces without any surgical intervention. C. can be pushed back into the body cavity to which it belongs. D. is reducible if surgical intervention occurs within 2 hours.

The correct answer is: Kidney

A young female presents with costovertebral angle tenderness. She is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Which of the following organs is MOST likely causing her pain? Select one: A. Kidney B. Liver C. Pancreas D. Gallbladder

The correct answer is: provide emotional support en route to the hospital.

An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to: Select one: A. administer analgesic medications to alleviate pain. B. encourage the patient to remain in a supine position. C. give 100% oxygen only if signs of shock are present. D. provide emotional support en route to the hospital.

The correct answer is: is often caused by hypertension or diabetes.

Chronic renal failure is a condition that: Select one: A. can be reversed with prompt treatment. B. is often caused by hypertension or diabetes. C. causes dehydration from excessive urination. D. occurs from conditions such as dehydration.

The correct answer is: identify whether the patient requires rapid transport

For a patient with a gastrointestinal complaint, it is MOST important for the EMT to _________. Select one: A. identify whether the patient requires rapid transport B. perform all interventions prior to transport C. avoid transporting the patient if the condition is minor D. determine the cause of the patient's complaint

The correct answer is: secretion of bile and filtration of toxic substances.

Functions of the liver include: Select one: A. production of hormones that regulate blood sugar levels. B. secretion of bile and filtration of toxic substances. C. absorption of nutrients and toxins. D. release of amylase, which breaks down starches into sugar.

The correct answer is: is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation.

In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum: Select one: A. lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and is stimulated when the solid abdominal organs contract. B. is less likely to become inflamed or infected because it lines the abdominal organs themselves. C. is supplied by the same nerves from the spinal cord that supply the skin of the abdomen. D. is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation.

The correct answer is: lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen.

Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to: Select one: A. lie in a supine position with their knees in a flexed position. B. sit fully upright because it helps relax the abdominal muscles. C. lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen. D. sit in a semi-Fowler position with their knees slightly bent.

The correct answer is: referred pain.

Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body, such as the back or shoulder, is called: Select one: A. radiating pain. B. visceral pain. C. referred pain. D. remote pain.

The correct answer is: fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues.

Peritonitis may result in shock because: Select one: A. intra-abdominal hemorrhage is typically present. B. fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues. C. severe pain causes systemic dilation of the vasculature. D. abdominal distention impairs cardiac contractions.

The correct answer is: spleen, kidneys, and pancreas.

Solid abdominal organs include the: Select one: A. gallbladder and large intestine. B. urinary bladder, colon, and ureters. C. spleen, kidneys, and pancreas. D. stomach and small intestine.

The correct answer is: transporting the patient without delay.

The MOST important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock is: Select one: A. administering high-flow oxygen. B. giving oral fluids to maintain perfusion. C. positioning the patient on his or her side. D. transporting the patient without delay.

The correct answer is: women

Urinary tract infections are more common in ____________. Select one: A. men B. sedentary adults C. active adults D. women

The correct answer is: palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction, beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful.

When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you should: Select one: A. palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction, beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful. B. observe for abdominal guarding, which is characterized by sudden relaxation of the abdominal muscles when palpated. C. ask the patient to point to the area of pain or tenderness and assess for rebound tenderness over that specific area. D. visually assess the painful area of the abdomen, but avoid palpation because this could worsen his or her condition.

The correct answer is: Spleen

Which of the following helps filter the blood and has no digestive function? Select one: A. Small intestine B. Stomach C. Spleen D. Large intestine

The correct answer is: Burning or pain in the stomach that subsides immediately after eating

Which of the following is characteristic of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)? Select one: A. The passage of bright red blood in the stool or coughing up blood B. Sharp pain that is typically located in both lower abdominal quadrants C. Burning or pain in the stomach that subsides immediately after eating D. Symptom relief after taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

The correct answer is: You may not have time to complete a secondary assessment.

Which of the following is correct about the secondary assessment for a high-priority patient? Select one: A. Never contact medical direction before completing the secondary assessment. B. The secondary assessment must be performed prior to transport. C. Never perform a secondary assessment on a high-priority patient. D. You may not have time to complete a secondary assessment.

The correct answer is: Low-flow oxygen

Which of the following may help reduce your patient's nausea? Select one: A. Low-flow oxygen B. Positive-pressure ventilation C. Cricoid pressure D. Oral glucose

The correct answer is: Spleen

Which of the following organs assists in the filtration of blood, serves as a blood reservoir, and produces antibodies? Select one: A. Liver B. Spleen C. Kidney D. Pancreas

The correct answer is: Pancreas

Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space? Select one: A. Pancreas B. Spleen C. Gallbladder D. Liver

The correct answer is: Liver

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely if injured? Select one: A. Liver B. Gallbladder C. Appendix D. Stomach

The correct answer is: Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness.

Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct? Select one: A. Acute hypertension is a common adverse effect of dialysis. B. The purpose of dialysis is to help the kidneys retain salt and water. C. Hemodialysis is effective but carries a high risk of peritonitis. D. Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness.

The correct answer is: The initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be vague and poorly localized.

Which of the following statements regarding the acute abdomen is correct? Select one: A. The parietal peritoneum is typically the first abdominal layer that becomes inflamed or irritated. B. The most common cause of an acute abdomen is inflammation of the gallbladder and liver. C. An acute abdomen almost always occurs as the result of blunt trauma to solid abdominal organs. D. The initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be vague and poorly localized.

The correct answer is: cholecystitis

Your patient complains of abdominal pain that occurs mostly at night or after eating fatty foods. You should suspect ____________. Select one: A. appendicitis B. cholecystitis C. kidney stones D. a hernia

The correct answer is: peptic ulcer disease.

Your patient complains of chronic "burning" stomach pain that improves after eating. You should suspect: Select one: A. kidney stones. B. peptic ulcer disease. C. aortic aneurysm. D. pneumonia.