ch 18 test

Between 1750 and 1789 the majority of French books were produced by publishing companies in

The Netherlands and Switzerland

Enlightenment thinkers thought race was similar to

species

Empiricism emphasized

the actual observation of phenomena

The concept of the "reading revolution" refers to

the shift from reading out loud texts perceived as authoritative to reading many different texts rapidly, silently, and individually

Before 1500, science was primarily a branch of

theology

All of the following played a role in the erosion of French absolutism except the

theories of charles montesquieu

The key feature of Newton's system was the law of

universal gravitation

Catherine the Great of Russia came to power in 1762 through

a military coup

All of the following were causes of the scientific revolution except

Active support of the papacy

Before the scientific revolution, Europeans' view of the universe was based on the ideas of

Aristotle

The Enlightenment reached its highest development in France for all the following reasons except

French scientist and universities were the most preeminent in the Scientific Revolution

In general, what was Voltaire's attitude toward government?

He believed that a good monarch was the best one could hope for

________ believed that the essence of the Enlightenment was the courage to use one's own understanding

Kant

The most famous salon was that of

Madame Geoffrin

_____ put an end to Catherine the Great's intention to reform Russian serfdom

Pugachev's Rebellion

_________ reduced all substances to matter and mind as well as proving his existence by stating "cogito ergo sum"

Rene Descartes

The two men generally given credit for creating the modern scientific method were Francis Bacon and

René Descartes

Membership in salons was

Restricted to the well-born, well-connected and exceptionally talented

Soft pastels, ornate interiors, and sentimental portraits are all characteristics of the style known as

Rococo

Which of the following subjects experienced a surge in popularity among the reading public in the 18th Century?

Science

In his Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued for,

The separation of governmental powers

________'s Candide satirized French society

Voltaire

Madame du Chatelet

believed women's limited contribution to science was the result of unequal education

According to its editor, the fundamental goal of the "Encyclopedia" was to

change the general way of thinking

Immanuel Kant argued for

freedom of the press

The "enlightened" policies of Frederick II of Prussia included all of the following except

freeing the Prussian surfs

A striking feature of the salons was that

philosophes, nobles, and members of the upper middle class intermingled

The primary purpose of Fontenelle's Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds (1686) was to

popularize the findings of the Scientific Revolution

Copernicus's theory of the universe

postulated a sun-centered view of the universe