CH 19

What has replaced the USDA's Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)

How many kcal/g does 1 g of alcohol provide?

7 kcal/g

To demonstrate the energy-producing potential of different foods, the nurse explains that 3 g of lean meat produces 12 kcal/g. How many kcal/g does 3 g of fish oil produce?

27 kcal/g

The body mass index (BMI) of a man 6 ft tall weighing 250 lb is

33.9

What is the term for stored fat that insulates the body and serves as a cushion to protect organs?

Adipose tissue

The nurse is explaining the activity recommendations from the USDA's new MyPlate plan. What is the minimum amount of moderate weekly exercise needed to balance nutritional intake?

2 hours and 30 mins

To simplify food values, the measurement of energy obtained by food is defined as the

kilocalorie

A fit, young woman was at zero nitrogen balance. The nurse discovers that this patient is now pregnant with her first child. For what is this patient at risk?

Anabolism

What are nursing responsibilities in promoting nutrition for patients? SATA

Assisting patients to eat or drink. recording the patients fluid and food intake. observing the patient for signs of poor nutrition. Communicating dietary concerns to other members of the health care team. Monitoring laboratory values that are related to nutritional intake.

The nurse is educating a patient on a vegan diet. What supplement will the nurse encourage this patient to take to avoid a deficiency?

B12

When discussing the digestion and metabolism of fat, the nurse tells the patient who has a history of cholecystitis and who is on a low-fat diet that fat must be emulsified to be digested. What is the substance necessary for emulsification?

Bile

Careful attention to carbohydrate consumption can improve metabolic control of diabetes. The nurse teaches a meal planning approach that focuses on the total amount of carbohydrates eaten at a meal. What is this meal planning approach called?

Carbohydrate counting

Which are the energy-providing food groups?

Carbs, fats , & proteins

A patient with a family history of osteoporosis is taking calcium supplements to help reduce her risk of developing osteoporosis. What recommendations can be made to prevent the development of reduced calcium balance?

Choosing plenty of milk products , and avoiding excess caffeine intake . Consuming a high-protein diet.

A patient who has hypertension is complaining about the lack of taste with the low-sodium diet that has been prescribed. What should the nurse emphasize that sodium may do?

Contribute to hypertension

The nurse recognizes that when a patient is unable to consume adequate nutrition by mouth, an alternative route such as a feeding ostomy may be used. What is the proper term for feeding a patient by this method?

Enteral

The body uses 22 common amino acids, but 9 of them must be obtained from protein in the diet. What are these proteins considered?

Essential

What are elements that are found in food and necessary for good health but that the body cannot make?

Essential nutrients

A patient is on fluid restrictions because of renal failure. Which interventions would the nurse use? SATA

Explain the various sources of fluid such as IV fluids, gelatin, and fluids taken with medications. Suggest chewing gum and sucking on breath mints. Explain the rationale for fluid restrictions . Show the volume of fluid that is allowed for the shift. Post a sign in the room so that visitors are aware of fluid restrictions.

The patient complains to the nurse that he feels terrible since he has been taking several different kinds of vitamin preparations. What should the nurse assess for indications of vitamin toxicity?

Fatigue

At approximately 4 to 6 months of age, solid food is introduced to a baby. What foods with high iron content should be recommended by the nurse?

Fortified cereals

What is the body's storage form of carbohydrates, usually found in the liver with some storage in the muscles?

Glycogen

The nurse makes nutrition a focus in the care plan. Where does nutrition play the most important role?

Health Maintenance

The nurse explains that a patient with a heart problem should follow a decreased sodium diet. What will this diet help reduce the risk for or prevent?

Heart attacks

The nurse cautions a patient with a pancreatic disorder that will interfere with the digestion of fats and may lead to a clotting disorder. What is the cause of these potential problems?

Inability to use vitamin K

A school nurse is teaching a group of adolescents about adequate nutrition. What increased intake should the nurse encourage?

Iron and calcium

A nurse caring for a patient who is prescribed a full-liquid diet recognizes that this diet lacks some nutrients. What nutrients are lacking?

Iron and fiber

A patient in the early stages of pregnancy is experiencing some nausea and vomiting. Which suggestions would be appropriate for the nurse to recommend?

Limit food with strong odor, and avoid food odors that bother you. Avoid foods with a high fat content. Try consuming five or six smaller meals each day. and include a source of protein in each meal. Try not to let your stomach get completely empty. Eat before you are overly hungry.

The nurse has assessed a patient's body mass index (BMI) to be 19.6. This assessment of weight versus height indicates that this patient's weight category is in which category?

Low health risk

The nurse reminds the male patient with lactose intolerance that he can avoid the unpleasant symptoms of nausea, bloating, flatulence, and diarrhea, if he will avoid certain foods. What product should the patient be instructed to avoid?

MIlk

When reviewing a patient's dietary intake, the nurse recommends that sugar consumption be reduced to the recommended daily level. What is this level?

No more than 8% of total daily kilocalories

The home health nurse is caring for a patient that has undergone removal of a part of the stomach. For what should the nurse carefully assess this patient?

Pernicious anemia

A patient taking a diuretic is assessed by the nurse as having an erratic pulse and muscle weakness. What should the nurse suspect is deficient?

Potassium

A patient diagnosed with renal failure is unable to excrete protein waste products and develops a condition that requires a protein-restricted diet. The nurse instructs the patient that azotemia can be diminished by substituting other food groups for protein. What is an example of a food that this patient can substitute for protein?

Potatoes

Which admission assessments should be performed for long-term care residents in relation to potential nutritional problems? SATA

Problems with fine motor movements. Ability to chew and swallow different textures of foods. Typical daily fluid intake. Dietary restrictions related to chronic health problems. Food preferences or rituals related to cultural backgrounds.

The nurse is counseling a patient about the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. What should the nurse stress that patients with type 2 diabetes are required to receive on a daily basis?

Regular carbohydrate-controlled meals

The nurse is working with a patient who requires an increase in complete proteins in the diet. Which foods will the nurse recommend? SATA

Soy Eggs Fish Yogurt

What is a nursing intervention to decrease the thirst of a patient who is on a fluid restriction?

Sucking on occasional ice chips

Which patients have conditions that would prompt the nurse to monitor serum sodium levels? SATA

The patient is having a prolonged high fever. The patient has severe diarrhea and vomiting. The patient has chronic renal disease. The patient has cystic fibrosis.

The nurse is providing information about high cholesterol levels. What is the rationale for avoiding saturated fats?

They increase blood cholesterol

The nurse teaches a patient who has a nonfunctioning or dysfunctional GI tract that total parenteral nutrition (TPN) will be infused. Where will the infusion occur?

Through the superior vena cava

Orthodox Judaism

do not eat meat with dairy : use separate utensils

Othodox Jews, Muslims, Seventh-day Adventist

do not eat pork

The patient who had a gastrostomy complains to the nurse about frequent episodes of dumping syndrome. What can the nurse recommend to this patient to decrease this problem?

eat small, frequent meals

Insoluble _____________________ softens stools, speeds transit of foods through the digestive tract, and reduces pressure in the colon.

fiber

The young woman who is breastfeeding will need an increase of calories and protein. What foods should the nurse suggest as sources of protein?

nuts

The nurse is educating a group of high school students regarding nutrition. How should the nurse respond when the students ask what occurs when protein, mineral, iron, and fat combine?

tissue is built and repaired