Ch 19

Explain the proper care of a patient presenting with signs and symptoms of shock

Perform primary assessment and ensure ABCs are supported. Control external bleeding. Administer O2. Keep patient in supine position. Calm and reassure. Maintain normal body temp. Continue to monitor and support ABCs. do not give patient anything by mouth. Monitor vital signs.

Perfusion

The adequate delivery of well oxygenated blood and nutrients to the cells of the body, and the proper elimination of waste products

Obstructive Shock

The adequate flow of blood is disrupted due to obstructions to the heart, lungs, and great vessels. Can be from trauma or blockages.

Compensated Shock

The condition in which the body is using specific mechanisms, such as increased pulse rate and breathing rate to compensate for the lack of adequate perfusion.

Decompensated Shock

The condition where the body is no longer able to compensate for the lack of adequate perfusion.

Shock

The failure of the body's circulatory system to provide an adequate supply of well oxygenated blood and nutrients to all vital organs. Also known as hypoperfusion

Distributed Shock

When certain conditions cause the blood vessels to dilate excessively, resulting in a much larger space than available blood to fill it and blood pressure drops. (Severe allergic reaction and Spinal cord injury)

Hemorrhagic shock

A form of hypovolemic shock that occurs when the body loses a significant amount of blood.

Describe the signs and symptoms of shock

Restlessness or combativeness. Changes in mental status. Increased pulse rate. Pale, cool moist skin. Respiratory and cardiac arrest.

Hypovolemic shock

A category of shock caused by an abnormally low fluid voulme (blood or plasma) in the body.

Psychogenic Shock

A form distributive shock that results in sudden, temporary dilation of blood vessels. Usually, occurs when some factor, such as fear causes the nervous system to react and rapidly dilate the blood vessels.

Septic shock

A form if distributed distributed shock caused by wide spread infection of the blood.

Neurogenic Shock

A form of distributed shock, resulting from a spinal cord injury

Anaphylactic Shock

A form of distributive shock caused by a severe allergic reaction.

Cardiogenic Shock

A form of shock caused when the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently (trauma or heart attack). Also called pump failure.

Hypotension

Abnormally low blood pressure

Explain the pathophysiology of shock

Blood loss occurs, which causes increased heart rate. This leads to further blood loss, and heart rate in a cycle. This leads to falling blood pressure, circulation failure, heart failure, cardiac arrest, and death.

Describe the four categories of shock

Cardiogenic Shock (heart is failing to pump an adequate volume of blood). Distributive Shock (Certain conditions can cause the blood vessel to dilate excessively and cause BP to drop). Hypovolemic Shock (low volume of blood in body) Obstructive Shock (blood flow disrupted due to obstructions).

List the seven main types of shock

Hemorrhagic shock (loss of whole blood volume), Cardiogenic shock (heart can't pump) , Neurogenic shock (spinal cord injury), Anaphylactic shock (severe allergic reaction), Psychogenic shock (fear or other factor), Septic shock (infection in blood), Compensated shock (increased pulse/breathing)