ch. 19 review

Diphtheria

Corynebacterium

What disease does Bacillus anthracis cause? a. mucoid anthrax b. cutaneous anthrax c. gastrointestinal anthrax d. inhalation anthrax

Cutaneous anthrax

Dormant infection may reactive to cause ____________.

Tubercular disease

Which of the following bacteria cause the illness, impetigo? a. Streptococcus sanguis b. Streptococcus pyogenes c. Staphylococcus aureus d. Clostridium tetani

c. Staphylococcus aureus

Which of the following bacteria causes a type of food poisoning? a. Streptococcus sanguis b. Clostridium tetani c. Staphylococcus aureus d. Streptococcus pyogenes

c. Staphylococcus aureus

Why does tuberculosis involve months of antibiotic treatment? a. The bacteria become resistant to the medications after only a month of treatment. b. The bacteria go into a dormant state. c. The bacteria grow very slowly. d. The antibiotic treatment is so toxic, it can only be given in very small doses.

c. The bacteria grow very slowly

How do clinicians primarily screen for tuberculosis in patients? a. Blood test b. Throat swab c. Tuberculin skin test d. Urinalysis

c. Tuberculin skin test

Tubercular disease characterized by ________, _________, _________.

cough, blood-tinged sputum, extensive lung damage,

You are being treated for a staph infection of the skin with penicillin, but the infection is not clearing up. What enzyme is likely expressed by the strain infecting you? a. Staphylokinase b. Lipase c. Coagulase d. B-lactamase

d. B-lactamase

Tubercular disease may spread to other body locations, resulting in ____________ __________.

Disseminated tuberculosis

Strong immune response resulting in __________.

Dormant infection

Tuberculosis is treated for 6-12 months with a combination of ____________, ______________, ______________.

Ethambutol, Isoniazid (INH), Rifampin

Which of the following molecules is associated with the ability of Staphylococcus aureus to evade phagocytosis? a. Protein A b. B-lactamase c. Hyaluronidase d. Enterotoxins

Protein A

How does Staphylococcus aureus affect the matrix between cells in the human body?

S. aureus produces an enzyme that dissolves hyaluronic acid and thus enables it to pass between the cells.

Osteomyelitis

Staphylococcus

Scalded Skin Syndrome

Staphylococcus

Glomerulonephritis

Streptococcus

Otitis media

Streptococcus

Pyoderma

Streptococcus

Rheumatic fever

Streptococcus

Scarlet fever

Streptococcus

Sinusitis

Streptococcus

Dental caries

Streptococcus; Actinomyces

Pharyngitis

Streptococcus; Corynebacterium

Primary infection may heal if _______ ________ __________.

Strong Immune Response

Toxic Shock Syndrome is a __________ disease caused by ___________.

TSS is a systemic disease caused by Staphylococcus

Acne

Propionibacterium

Tuberculosis diagnosed by ________, _________, _________, ___________.

acid-fast stain of sputum, chest x-ray, culture on special media, tuberculin skin test.

Tuberculosis treatment is hampered by ______________.

antibiotic resistance

What is the name of the vaccine given to prevent TB in countries where it is endemic? a. DTaP vaccine b. BCG vaccine c. RTS vaccine d. Pneumovax vaccine

b. BCG vaccine

Following treatment with a broad-spectrum antibiotic, an opportunistic intestinal infection caused by __________ can develop. a. Streptococcus pyogenes b. Clostridium difficile c. Corynebacterium diphtheriae d. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

b. Clostridium difficile

How does Staphylococcus aureus invade into tissues to cause infection in the human body? a. S. aureus triggers blood clotting, which coats the matrix and inhibits cellular communication b. S. aureus produces an enzyme that dissolves hyaluronic acid and thus enables it to pass between the cells c. S.aureus does not affect the matrix but instead produces a necrotizing agent that dissolves body cells d. S. aureus possesses a hyaluronic acid capsule that causes leukocytes to ignore the bacterium as if it were camouflaged

b. S. aureus produces an enzyme that dissolves hyaluronic acid and thus enables it to pass between the cells

Which practice would NOT be a good way to prevent foodborne botulism? a. Storing canned foods in the refrigerator. b. Storing canned foods at room temperature. c. Maintaining an acidic environment below ph 4.5. d. Heat canned foods to at least 80 degrees Celsius for 20 minutes before consuming.

b. Storing canned foods at room temperature

What is diphtheria?

A pseudomembrane covering the tonsils, pharynx, and larynx

Anthrax

Bacillus

Antibiotic resistance exemplified by ______________ & _______________.

MDR-TB; XDR-TB

Leprosy

Mycobacterium

Tuberculosis begins with inhalation of __________ establishing ______________.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Primary Infection

Myonecrosis

Mycobacterium; Clostridium

Are Clostridium botulinum vegetative cells required to be present for foodborne botulism to occur? a. No, foodborne botulism is caused by the botulinum toxin produced by the bacteria, not the bacteria themselves. b. No, foodborne botulism is caused by the endospore form of Clostridium botulinum, not vegetative cells. c. Yes, the foodborne botulism is caused by endotoxic shock, which occurs when the cell walls of Clostridium botulinum are disrupted. d. Yes, the foodborne botulism can only be caused by infection with Clostridium botulinum vegetative cells.

No, foodborne botulism is caused by the botulinum toxin produced by the bacteria, not the bacteria themselves.

It is estimated that _____ of the world's population may be infected with tuberculosis. a. 33% b. 5% c. 1% d. 75%

a. 33%

Which of the following enzyme breaks down penicillin? a. B-lactamase b. Lipase c. Coagulase d. Staphylokinase

a. B-lactamase

Which of the following diseases is contracted by eating food that has been improperly canned? a. Botulism b. Anthrax c. Tetanus d. Pelvic inflammatory disease

a. Botulism

The bacterium causing pseudomembranous colitis is _________. a. Clostridium difficile b. Streptococcus pyogenes c. Mycobacterium aviumintracellulare d. Corynbacterium diphtheria

a. Clostridium difficile

The pneumococcal vaccine was made using the purified capsular material from 23 common strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, but it is not effective against all strains. Why is this? a. It cannot cover all the strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae because not all strains have the same antigens on their surface. b. It cannot cover all the strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae because not all strains have the same type of cell wall. c. If a person is infected with a strain other than the 23 used to make the vaccine, it may not be recognized by neutrophils. d. If a person is infected with a strain other than the 23 used to make the vaccine, it may not be recognized by the natural killer (NK) cells of the immune system.

a. It cannot cover all the strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae because not all strains have the same antigens on their surface.

Of the following genera, which can survive the harshest conditions? a. Staphylococcus b. Clostridium c. Mycobacterium d. Actinomyces

a. Staphylococcus

Pathogenic strains that have become resistant to antimicrobial drugs are found in which of the following genera? a. Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium, and Enterococcus b. Staphylococcus c. Enterococcus d. Mycobacterium

a. Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium, and Enterococcus

Which of the following is a member of the Viridans streptococci? a. Streptococcus mutans b. Streptococcus agalactiae c. Streptococcus pneumoniae d. Streptococcus pyogenes

a. Streptococcus mutans

Which of the following microbes would NOT be contracted via eating? a. Streptococcus pyogenes b. Staphylococcus aureus c. Listeria monocytogenes d. Clostridium botulinum

a. Streptococcus pyogenes

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is considered a(n) __________. a. aerobe b. microaerophile c. anaerobe d. facultative anaerobe

a. aerobe

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mycoplasmas? a. cytochromes b. sterols in cytoplasmic membranes c. use of UGA codon for tryptophan d. rRNA nucleotide sequence similar to those of gram-positive bacteria

a. cytochromes

In approximately 10% of patients tubercles rupture and reactivate infection. This is known as _____ tuberculosis. a. secondary b. disseminated c. primary d. tertiary

a. secondary

Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause disease only when a capsule is present. Why is the presence of a capsule considered a virulence factor? a. Streptococcus pneumoniae cannot adhere to the cells of the host without a capsule. b. The capsule prevents the bacterium from being digested after endocytosis in the cells of the host. c. The capsule prevents the bacterium from releasing chemicals that announce its presence to the host's immune system. d.Streptococcus pneumoniae cannot migrate from the nasopharynx to other areas of the body without a capsule.

b. The capsule prevents the bacterium from being digested after endocytosis in the cells of the host.

In which of the following diseases would a patient experience a pseudomembrane covering tonsils, pharynx, and larynx? a. tuberculoid leprosy b. diphtheria c. arrhythmia d. tetanus

b. diphtheria

B-lactamase is an enzyme that is present in over ____% of S. aureus strains. a. 70% b. 23% c. 90% d. 54%

c. 90%

In which of the following cases would you suspect wound botulism? a. A person injures herself by stepping on a rusty garden tool while gardening. Within a week, her jaw and neck muscles begin to tighten and she begins to sweat profusely. b. A person injures herself in a minor car accident. Within two days she develops redness, swelling, and pus at the injury site. c. A person injures herself while gardening. Four days later she begins to feel weak and dizzy, with blurred vision and progressive paralysis. d. A person injures herself with a sharp knife while cutting vegetables for dinner. Her wound becomes inflamed and warm to the touch and about four days later she develops a fever and chills.

c. A person injures herself while gardening. Four days later she begins to feel weak and dizzy, with blurred vision and progressive paralysis.

Which of the following diseases is contracted by eating food that has been improperly canned? a. Pelvic inflammatory disease b. Tetanus c. Botulism d. Anthrax

c. Botulism

Which of the following enzyme triggers blood clotting? a. B-lactamase b. Lipase c. Coagulase d. Staphylokinase

c. Coagulase

Which type of anthrax is much more common in animals than in humans? a. Cutaneous anthrax b. Inhalation anthrax c. Gastrointestinal anthrax d. Mucoid anthrax

c. Gastrointestinal anthrax

Streptococcus pneumoniae is found as part of the normal microbiota of the mouth and pharynx and yet can cause disease in some people when it is inhaled into lungs. Why do you think this is? a. There is less immune system surveillance in the lungs compared to the nasopharynx. b. If Streptococcus pneumoniae is inhaled deeply enough into the lungs, there are receptors present to which the bacteria can adhere. c. If Streptococcus pneumoniae is inhaled from the nasopharynx into lungs damaged by a previous viral infection or in an immune compromised person, it can flourish. d. The environment in the lungs is more favorable for Streptococcus pneumoniae than the nasopharynx

c. If Streptococcus pneumoniae is inhaled from the nasopharynx into lungs damaged by a previous viral infection or in an immune compromised person, it can flourish

Which of the following can be caused by either a bacterial or viral infection? a. Leprosy b. Anthrax c. Pneumonia d. Impetigo

c. Pneumonia

Streptococcus pneumoniae was originally named Diplococcus pneumoniae. Why was the genus name Diplococcus originally given to this organism? a. The prefix "di- "means four, and on agar plates, the colonies are found in groups of four. b. The prefix "di-" means two, and these organisms are usually found in pairs under the microscope. c. The prefix "di- "means two and on agar plates, the colonies are found in groups of two. d. The prefix "di-" means four, and these organisms are usually found in groups of four under the microscope.

d. Beta lactam antibiotics are effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae because it is a Gram positive organism and does not have an outer membrane.

Which of the following enzyme allows staph to free itself from blood clots by dissolving fibrin threads? a. B-lactamase b. Lipase c. Coagulase d. Staphylokinase

d. Staphylokinase

A bacterium associated with bacteremia, meningitis, and pneumonia in newborns is ________________. a. Staphylococcus aureus b. Staphylococcus epidermis c. Streptococcus pyogenes d. Streptococcus agalactiae

d. Streptococcus agalactiae

Which of the following conditions is a systemic disease caused by Staphylococcus? a. impetigo b. follicultis c. carbuncle d. toxic shock syndrome

d. Toxic Shock Syndrome

Mycoplasmas _____________. a. lack cell walls b. are pleomorphic c. have sterol in their membranes d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Pathogenic strains that have become resistant to antimicrobial drugs are found in which of the following genera? a. Staphylococcus b. Mycobacterium c. Enterococcus d. All of the above

d. all of the above

Lipase is an enzyme that ______________. a. triggers blood clotting b. allows staph to free itself from blood clots by dissolving fibrin threads c. breaks down penicillin d. digest lipids, allowing staph to live on the skin

d. digest lipids, allowing staph to live on the skin

Streptococcus mutans are associated with _______ ________.

dental caries

Tuberculosis is treated ____________.

for 6-12 months