Ch. 2 Book

Which of the following statements correctly describe the information gained from a balanced chemical equation? Select all that apply. - Identities of substances involved -How fast a given reaction proceeds -Temp at which the reaction is carried out -Relative quantities of substances involved -Often the physical stated of reactants and products

- Identities of substances involved -Relative quantities of substances involved -Often the physical stated of reactants and products

Which of the following options describe the correct format used when writing the chemical formula of a substance? -A chemical formula is a symbolic way to represent the composition of a substance -A subscript refers to the element following it -The number of atoms of a particular element is indicated by a subscript -If an atom only occurs once in a compound, a subscript of 1 isemployed to indicate this

-A chemical formula is a symbolic way to represent the composition of a substance -The number of atoms of a particular element is indicated by a subscript

Which of the following option correctly describe N2 (nitrogen gas)? Select all that apply. -nitrogen is very reactive -nitrogen is colorless and odorless -most plants and animals utilize atmospheric nitrogen as their source of nitrogen -nitrogen is the most abundant substance in the air -Nitrogen is necessary to convert the food we eat into energy

-nitrogen is colorless and odorless -nitrogen is the most abundant substance in the air

What is a catalyst?

A substance that increases the rate of a reaction

What is the chemical formula for dichlorine pentoxide?

CI2O5

What gas is measured in order to asses the efficiency of an automobile in most states in the US?

CO

True or False: In order to balance the reaction of hydrogen gas (H2) with oxygen gas (O2) to form liquid H20 a student adds subscript of 2 to the oxygen in H20. This is an acceptable method of balancing the above reaction.

False (Subscripts of compounds should never be changed because it changes the identity of the compound)

Sunny days = ______ O3 levels

Higher

Sustainability is correctly defined as _______

Meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to do the same

Physical combination of two or more species

Mixture

Characteristic brown color; emitted from car engines

Nitrogen dioxide

what is involved in the conversion of NO to NO2 in the atmosphere?

O3 (ozone), VOCs, OH (hydroxyl radical)

What is the name of O3

Ozone

classified by size rather than composition

Particulate matter

Form of matter with a definite composition

Pure substance

What is the chemical formula for sulfur tetrafluoride?

SF4

The term "shifting baseline" refers to ______.

a change in what people expect as "normal"

droplets that contain suspended solid and liquid particles are called ______

aerosols

different forms of the same element (such as O2 and O3) are called

allotropes

what is the name of NH3

ammonia

a carcinogenic compound is one that causes ________

cancer

Organic compounds always contain the element______

carbon

colorless, tasteless, and oderless, the "silent killer"

carbon monixide

may be produced by a wildfire

carbon monoxide

what ailment is the primary hazard associated with exposure to particulate matter?

cardiovascular disease

Gas molecules are in constant random motion and are extremely _______ under normal atmospheric conditions. If the gas molecules in a sample of air were condensed their actual volume would be very _______.

far apart, small

the set of principles used to design environmentally friendly chemical products and/or processes is called _____________ chemistry

green

If air is composed of 78% nitrogen this means that by volume air contains 78 parts nitrogen for every _________ parts of air

hundred

compounds that are made up of only hydrogen and carbon are called ______

hydrocarbons

Rainy/windy days = _____ O3 levels

lower

even in very small concentrations ozone can affect ________ functions in humans. Ozone also damages _________, which are essential to human life.

lung, crops

What is the name of CH4

methane

a gas by _____

(g)

a liquid by _____

(l)

solid is designated by the subscript ____

(s)

how are hydrocarbons named?

named with the root based on the number of carbon atoms followed by the suffix -ane

includes dust and pollen

particulate matter

When naming a compound composed of two nonmetals, the number of atoms of each element is indicated by a Greek numerical ______

prefix

which noble gas is second leading cause of lung cancer after cigarette smoke?

radon

Combustion is an example of a type of chemical _______, where reactants are transformed into products

reaction

What term is used to describe a situation where a resource is no particular groups responsibility but if it is destroyed or overused this has consequences for a large number of people?

tragedy of the commons

what are the layers of earths atmosphere?

troposphere stratosphere mesosphere thermosphere exosphere

VOCs or ______ are a class of air pollutant that typically originated from __________

volatile organic compounds, cars

What is the name of H2O

water

Is the chemical equation depicted in the illustration balanced? why?

Yes its balanced because there are the same number and type of atoms on each side of the chemical equation

How do you correctly name a compound containing two non-metals?

- The name of the first element is unchanged, except for the addition of a prefix where appropriate -The second element is named with its root and the suffic -ide -A greek numerical prefix is always used when more than one atom is present to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the compound

Which of the following actions are permitted in balancing a chemical equation? -Altering the formulas of reactants and products -Adding reactants or products -Multiplying all coefficients by a common factor -Adding coefficients to formulas of reactants and products

-Multiplying all coefficients by a common factor -Adding coefficients to formulas of reactants and products

which of the following correctly describe common air pollutants? Select all that apply -carbon monoxide may be produced by charcoal grills or propane camping stoves -carbon dioxide is a dangerous pollutant in the immediate atmosphere -O3 (OZONE) is an odorless gas -SO2 may be produced when col is burned -nitrogen dioxide can combine with moisture in the atmosphere to produce acid rain

-carbon monoxide may be produced by charcoal grills or propane camping stoves -SO2 may be produced when col is burned -nitrogen dioxide can combine with moisture in the atmosphere to produce acid rain

Megacities contain ________ people or more

10 million

which compound reacts with ozone, reducing the ozone concentrations along congested highways?

NO

True or False: After the completion of a chemical reaction the number of substances may change but the total mass of matter present remains constant.

True

Volate organic compounds (VOCs) are ________-containing compounds that pass easily into the ________ phase.

carbon, vapor

The prefix ________ indicated 10 atoms of the same element, while the prefix hexa- is used to indicate _____ atoms of the same element.

deca-, 6

produced during lightning strikes

nitrogen dioxide and ozone

A chemical equation must be balanced. This means that the same _____ and ____ of atoms must appear on both sides of the equation.

number, type

Sharp odor; a pollutant in the immediate atmosphere but essential at high altitudes

ozone

A(n) _______ pollutant is produced from chemical reactions involving one or more other pollutants

secondary

sharp, unpleasant oder; produced bu burning coal

sulfur dioxide

which is the term used to define the lower region of the atmosphere in which we live, which lies directly above the surface of the earth

troposphere

A species that passes easily from the liquid to the vapor phase is called a(n) ________ substance

volatile

What are the chemical steps involved in ozone protection? (in order)

1. Nitrogen dioxide is exposed to sunlight 2. Nitrogen monoxide and an oxygen atom are produced 3. An oxygen atom reacts with an oxygen molecule 4. Ozone is produced

released by volcanoes

sulfur dioxide