ch. 2 in class quiz

22. There are many methods for studying the physiology of the brain. ________ is the technique involving subtraction whereby brain activity is compared between baseline and stimulation measurements.

C. Positron emission tomography

21. Positron emission tomography (PET) utilizes which of the following tools?

C. Radioactive tracer

41. The pattern of feature detectors firing in response to a stimulus creates the _____ for representing what the stimulus is (e.g., a tree, a person, a ball, and so forth).

A. neural code

45. A grandmother cell responds

A. only to a specific stimulus.

30. Josiah is trying to speak to his wife, but his speech is very slow and labored, often with jumbled sentence structure. Josiah may have damage to his

A. Broca's area.

31. Damage to Wernicke's area is in which lobe of the brain?

A. Temporal

26. Which of the following do PET and fMRI have in common?

A. The use of the subtraction technique

2. Early studies of brain tissue that used staining techniques and microscopes from the 19th century described the "nerve net." These early understandings were in error in the sense that the nerve net was believed to be

A. continuous.

24. Brain imaging has made it possible to

A. determine which areas of the brain are involved in different cognitive processes.

20. A 10-month-old baby is interested in discovering different textures, comparing the touch sensations between a soft blanket and a hard wooden block. Tactile signals such as these are received by the _____ lobe.

A. parietal

11. If the intensity of a stimulus that is presented to a touch receptor is increased, this tends to increase the _____ in the receptor's axon.

A. rate of nerve firing

39. The layer of neurons that lines the back of the eye is called the

A. retina.

17. The occipital lobe is

A. the first place in the cerebral cortex where visual information is received.

13. Which of the following statements best describes how neurons communicate with one another?

B. A chemical process takes place at the synapse.

28. Sarah has experienced brain damage making it difficult for her to understand spatial layout. Which area of her brain has most likely sustained damage?

B. Parahippocampal place area (PPA)

46. When conducting an experiment on how stimuli are represented by the firing of neurons, you notice that neurons respond differently to different faces. For example, Arthur's face causes three neurons to fire, with neuron 1 responding the most and neuron 3 responding the least. Roger's face causes the same three neurons to fire, with neuron 1 responding the least and neuron 3 responding the most. Your results support ____ coding.

B. distributed

37. The idea that specific functions are processed in many parts of the brain is known as

B. distributed processing.

40. Neurons that respond to features that make up objects are called

B. feature detectors.

18. The _____ lobe of the cortex serves higher functions such as language, thought, and memory. l

B. frontal

10. An oscilloscope can display "spikes" that correspond to nerve impulses in response to a certain stimulus intensity. If the stimulus intensity is decreased, you are likely to observe spikes that are

B. less frequent and of the same size.

32. Paul Broca's and Carl Wernicke's research provided early evidence for

B. localization of function.

44. The idea of a grandmother cell is consistent with

B. specificity coding.

29. Ramon is looking at pictures of scantily clad women in a magazine. He is focusing on their body parts, particularly their chest and legs. Which part of Ramon's brain is activated by this viewing?

C. Extrastriate body area (EBA)

9. Recordings from single neurons are conducted using which of these pieces of equipment?

C. Microelectrode

8. Action potentials occur in the

D. axon.

50. Shinkareva et al. (2008) conducted research that revealed

C. a computer could fairly accurately predict what category of object one was viewing.

48. A specific person's face is represented in the nervous system by the firing of

C. a group of neurons each responding to a number of different faces.

7. Neural circuits are groups of interconnected neurons that

C. can result in a neuron that responds best to a specific stimulus.

4. The key structural components of neurons are

C. cell body, dendrites, and axon.

The study of the physiological basis of cognition is known as

C. cognitive neuroscience.

38. You are walking down the street and see a really nice car drive by. You notice many features of it: its color, movement, shape, location, and so forth. All of these features are processed

C. in different parts of the brain.

33. Recent research on language has modified our earlier understanding of Broca's aphasia such that it is now understood as a problem in

C. language form but not meaning.

15. Recording from single neurons in the brain has shown that neurons responding to specific types of stimuli are often clustered in specific areas. These results support the idea of

C. localization of function.

34. Compared to brain-imaging techniques, ERP occurs on a

C. much faster time scale.

27. The fusiform face area (FFA) in the brain is often damaged in patients with

C. prosopagnosia.

49. Most cognitive psychologists _____ the notion of a grandmother cell.

C. reject

23. Brain-imaging techniques can determine all of the following EXCEPT

C. the structure of individual neurons.

14. Which of the following is consistent with the idea of localization of function?

D. All of these A. Specific areas of the brain serve different functions. B. Neurons in different areas of the brain respond best to different stimuli. C. Brain areas are specialized for specific functions. D. All of these

5. Which of the following neural components is NOT found at the receiving end of neurons?

D. Axon

36. Research using the ERP method shows that damage to the frontal lobes reduces the larger _____response that occurs when the form of a sentence is incorrect.

D. P600

19. Which part of the brain is important for touch?

D. Parietal lobe

12. When recording from a single neuron, stimulus intensity is represented in a single neuron by the

D. firing rate of the action potentials.

3. The neuron doctrine is

D. in disagreement with nerve net theory.

25. Hemoglobin molecules in areas of high brain activity

D. lose some of the oxygen they are transporting.

47. The concept of distributed neural coding proposes that a specific object, like a face, is represented across a number of

D. neurons.

43. If kittens are raised in an environment that contains only verticals, you would predict that most of the neurons in their visual cortex would respond best to the visual presentation of a

D. picket fence.

42. The way patterns of neural firing represent a specific stimulus or experience is known as

D. the neural code.

6. A synapse is

D. the space between neurons.

35. In ERP methodology, the number that follows the N or the P (N400 or P300, for example) stands for

D. the time at which the response peaks in milliseconds.

16. The temporal lobe is

D. where signals are received from the auditory system.