Ch 2 Knowledge Check Wk1

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The atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is

16

The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of

2 electrons

Carbon-13 is a form of carbon used to determine how old fossils are. The atomic mass of carbon-13 is 13. If carbon has 6 protons, then how many neutrons does carbon-13 have? Carbon-13 would be considered an...

7 neutrons; isotope

The breakdown of table sugar (sucrose) into glucose and fructose is an example of a/n __________ reaction.

Decomposition

Consider the following list of commonly found items and their pH values: Battery acid (1.0), vinegar (2.2), grapes (3.5-4.5), tomato (4.0-4.5), beer (4.2), coffee (5.0), white bread (5.0-6.0), butter (6.1-6.4), egg whites (7.6-8.0), baking soda (8.3), milk of magnesia (10.6), bleach (12.8) Which of the following is closest to the pH of water?

Egg whites

Nucleic acids are composed of building blocks called amino acids.

False

Proteins encode nucleic acids.

False

Sodium and chloride atoms combine readily because they both lose electrons.

False

Which organelle is incorrectly described?

Golgi apparatus - lipid synthesis

You drop a mystery compound into a beaker of water. Suppose that the compound instantly dissolves and dissociates into ions. What kind of chemical bond initially held this compound together?

Ionic

Consider the following list of commonly found items and their pH values: Battery acid (1.0), vinegar (2.2), grapes (3.5-4.5), tomato (4.0-4.5), beer (4.2), coffee (5.0), white bread (5.0-6.0), butter (6.1-6.4), egg whites (7.6-8.0), baking soda (8.3), milk of magnesia (10.6), bleach (12.8) Based on your knowledge of acid and base reactions, which of the following would be most likely to react with a base to form a salt?

Battery acid

Which of the following are Ions?

Biocarbonate

If helium (He) were to gain a proton, it would become

Lithium

A base is an electrolyte that releases ions that combine with hydrogen ions.

True

A protein is formed from a sequence of amino acids.

True

Chemically inert atoms always have their outermost electron shell full.

True

Water is an example of a compound.

True

Nucleic acids are

composed of building blocks called nucleotides.

After eating a salty bag of chips, your extracellular [Na+] skyrockets. The extracellular [Na+] is now considered to be _____ compared to the intracellular [Na+]. The cells _____.

hypertonic; shrivel

Electrolytes are substances that

ionize in water

Which of the following substances is an element?

iron

Saline has the same [Na+] as the inside of the cell. The cell neither swells nor shrivels when exposed to saline. Thus saline is considered to be a _____ solution.

isotonic

When forming a bond, an atom that has 3 electrons in its second shell and a filled first shell will

lose 3 electrons from its second shell

DNA and RNA differ in that

DNA holds genetic information and RNA uses that information to synthesize protein

In a covalent bond

atoms share a pair of more of electrons

Which of the following groups of elements accounts for more than 95% of the human body by weight?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Which of the following best describes the reaction H2CO3 → H2O + CO2?

decomposition reaction

Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for

growth of body parts

A water solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is

neutral

The type of organic molecule that can replicate is a

nucleic acid

Which cell membrane transport mechanism is INCORRECTLY described?

osmosis - the movement of water from areas of low to high solute concentration

The atomic number of an atom equals the number of ________, and the atomic weight equals the ________.

protons; number of protons plus neutrons

A person has alkalosis if the blood pH

rises above 7.5

DNA

stores genetic information, including instructions for enzymes that synthesize fats and carbohydrates.

Which statement regarding the cell membrane is FALSE?

the phospholipid head is hydrophobic, whereas the tail is hydrophilic


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