CH. 2 The Internet, the Web, and Electronic Commerce
Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET)
US funded project that developed a national computer network
AJAX
an advanced use of JavaScript, is used to create interactive websites that respond quickly. Google Maps uses AJAX to make the maps fast loading, dynamic, and interactive.
Applets
are programs that can be downloaded quickly and run by most browsers. They are used to display graphics, provide interactive games, and much more. For example, many of the online games at Yahoo! Games are JAVA applets.
Cascading style sheets (CSS)
are separate files referenced by or lines inserted into an HTML document that control the appearance of a web page. CSS help ensure that related web pages have a consistent presentation or look. Netflix uses CSS to visually connect all its web pages.
started in 2003 business-oriented social networking
Digital cash
the Internet's equivalent to traditional cash, more secure less convenient, Buyers purchase digital cash from a third party, Sellers convert the digital cash to traditional currency through the third party
IoT
the continuing development of the Internet that allows everyday objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive data over the Internet EX: Fitbit
Spam
unwelcomed mail
Cloud computing
uses the Internet and the web to shift many of these computer activities from the user's computer to other computers on the Internet. Many see cloud computing as a new model for computing that frees users from owning, maintaining, and storing software and data. It provides access to these services from anywhere through an Internet connection. Others think its for marketing
Web page
what the HTML displays a document as
Hypertext Markup language
A markup language for displaying web pages
Education or e-learning
A rapidly emerging web application
Widely used plug-ins
Acrobat Reader from Adobe—for viewing and printing a variety of standard forms and other documents saved in a special format called PDF. Flash Player from Adobe—for viewing videos, animations, and other media. QuickTime from Apple—for playing audio and video files. (See Figure 2-6.) Windows Media Player from Microsoft—for playing audio files, video files, and much more.
Extensions/Add-ons
Adding capabilities to the browser; installing a small, third-party program
Wiki
Allow vistors to use their browser to add, edit, or delete the sit's content, wiki = Hawaiian for fast
Header
Appears first and typically includes addresses, subject, and attachments
Google plus
Circles - common interests, Hangouts- communicating up to 10 ppl at a time
Basic components of cloud computing
Clients, internet, and service providers
Internet security suites
Collection of utility programs designed to maintain your security and privacy while you are on the web. Control spam, protect against viruses, provide filters
Spam blockers or spam filters
Controlling spam
Downloading
Copying files to your computer from specially configured servers
Blogs or web logs
Created by individuals
Web 3.0
Current gen web, focuses on applications that automatically prepare personalized content for users EX: Google Now - looks for interrelationships among the data
Webmasters
Develop and maintain websites and resources
Web-based email systems
Don't require an email program, browser connects to an email service provider, a special program "webmail client" is run on the email providers computer - this is known as web mail
Podcasts
Don't use streaming technology
Electronic Commerce
E-commerce, buying and selling of goods over the internet
Address
EX: [email protected] dan - username, gmail.com - server providing email service
Domain name
Indicates the specific address where the resource is located EX: www.mtv.com
Authority
Is the author an expert in the subject
Currency
Is the info current? up to date?
Objectivity
Is the info factually reported, or does the author have bias
Hits
Sites that contain keywords
Spiders
Special programs, continually looking for new info and update each services databases
Search Engines
Specialized programs that assist you in locating info on the web and internet
Web utilities
Specialized utility programs that make using the internet and the web easier and safer
IM (instant messaging)
allows two or more people to contact each other via direct, live communication
Two greatest challenges for e-commerce
(1) developing fast, secure, and reliable payment methods for purchased goods and (2) providing convenient ways to submit required information such as mailing addresses and credit card information
Fitbit and Apple's Health App
A Web 3.0 application can (1) access the Fitbit data, (2) combine that data with other data on the web, (3) process the data, and (4) send information back to another device. For example, Apple's Health App, a Web 3.0 application, can access your Fitbit data, combine it with other related health data, analyze the data, and report back to you through your smartphone. These reports provide information about your health including your heart rate, steps taken each day, and an estimate of daily calories burned.
Online
Being connected to the network
Filters
Block access to selected sites, programs allow parents as well as organizations to block out selected sites and set time limits
Credit card
Faster, more convenient, credit card fraud is a concern
B2C Business-to-consumer
Fastest growing type, EX: Amazon (most widely used), commerce involves the sale of a product or service to the general public or end users
Web 1.0
First gen web, focused on linking existing information
Specialized search engines
Focus on subject specific websites - can save you time by narrowing your search
Location or Address
For browsers to connect to resources, known as URL's uniform resource locators
Accuracy
Has it been critically reviewed for correctedness prior to its posting
Email (electronic mail)
Header, message, signature
top-level domain (TLD)
Last part of domain name after dot, AKA "web suffix", usually identifies the type of orginization EX: .com = commercial
Internet
Launched in 1969, physical network made up of wires cables, satellites, rules for exchanging info b/w computers on network
Launched in 2004
Searching
More convenient
ISP Internet service provider
Most common way to access the internet
Shopping
One of the fastest growing Internet applications
Social networking
One of the fastest-growing and most significant Web 2.0 applications
Search services
Operate websites that can help you locate the info you need
Entertainment
Options are nearly endless
Plug-ins
Programs that are automatically started and operate as a part of your browser
Browsers
Programs that provide access to web resources. This software connects you to remote computers; opens and transfers files; displays text, images, and multimedia; and provides in one tool an uncomplicated interface to the Internet and web documents. Four well-known browsers are Apple Safari, Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and Mozilla Firefox.
Two basic parts or URL's
Protocol Domain name
Microblog
Publishes short sentences, take only a few seconds to write EX: Twitter
Client based email systems
Require a special program "email client" to be installed on your computer EX: Microsoft outlook
Protocol
Rules for exchanging data b/w computers EX: http
Web 2.0
Second gen web, evolved to support more dynamic content creation and social interaction. EX: Facebook (best known)
Communicating
The most important Internet activity
Uploading
Using file transfer utility software to copy files from your computer to another computer on the internet.
Web
WWW, world wide web, intro in 1991
File transfer protocol (FTP) and SFTP - secure
allow you to efficiently copy files to and from your computer across the Internet, and are frequently used for uploading changes to a website hosted by an Internet service provider. FTP has been used for decades and still remains one of the most popular methods of file transfer.
Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
commerce involves individuals selling to individuals. C2C often takes the form of an electronic version of the classified ads or an auction. web auctions EX: eBay
Business to business B2B
commerce involves the sale of a product or service from one business to another. This is typically a manufacturer-supplier relationship. For example, a furniture manufacturer requires raw materials such as wood, paint, and varnish.
Hyperlinks or links
connect to other documents containing related info
Clients
corporations and end users who want access to data, programs, and storage. This access is to be available anywhere and anytime that a connection to the Internet is available. End users do not need to buy, install, and maintain application programs and data.
BitTorrent
distributes file transfers across many different computers for more efficient downloads, unlike other transfer technologies whereby a file is copied from one computer on the Internet to another. A single file might be located on dozens of individual computers. When you download the file, each computer sends you a tiny piece of the larger file, making BitTorrent well suited for transferring very large files. Unfortunately, BitTorrent technology often has been used for distributing unauthorized copies of copyrighted music and video.
JavaScript
is a language often used within HTML documents to trigger interactive features, such as opening new browser windows and checking information entered in online forms. The Microsoft search engine Bing.com uses JavaScript to make its website more interactive and to assist its users by auto-filling search requests as they type content into the search box.
Web-based file transfer services
make use of a web browser to upload and download files. This eliminates the need for any custom software to be installed. EX: Dropbox.com
MMS
multimedia messaging service
Subject
one line description, message topic
Service providers
organizations with computers connected to the Internet that are willing to provide access to software, data, and storage. These providers may charge a fee or may be free. For example, Google Drive Apps provide free access to programs with capabilities similar to Microsoft's Word, Excel, and PowerPoint.
Internet
provides the connection between the clients and the providers. Two of the most critical factors determining the efficiency of cloud computing are (1) the speed and reliability of the user's access to the Internet and (2) the Internet's capability to provide safe and reliable transmission of data and programs.
Text messaging or SMS
short message service, less than 160 characters
Mobile browsers
special browsers designed to run on portable devices