CH 2 THEORY, RESEARCH & EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE - PrepU
The process of considering an idea as a whole and then dividing it into smaller, more specific ideas is which?
Deductive reasoning
Which is the theory that describes the maturation of humans through stages?
Developmental Theory
A nurse who works in a pediatric practice assesses the developmental level of children of various ages to determine their psychosocial development. These assessments are based on the work of:
Erikson
What nursing activity forms the bridge between theory and practice?
Evidence-based research
What is the process of considering a group of specific ideas and then drawing conclusions that relate to a general idea?
Inductive reasoning
A nurse is planning to conduct a nursing research study and is seeking federal funding. Which institution would be most helpful for the nurse to contact regarding acquiring funding?
National Institute of Nursing Research
A nurse is developing a foreground question for nursing research using the PICO model. Which component would be represented by the statement, "a 45-year-old male with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation"?
P
A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which element will the "O" in the team's PICO question refer to?
Preventing skin breakdown
Inductive Reasoning
Takes specific information and makes a broader generalization that is considered probable, allowing for the fact that the conclusion may not be accurate
Which statement best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks?
Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice
A nurse working in a long-established hospital learned a specific approach to administering intravenous injections from the previous generation of nurses at the hospital. This is an example of which type of knowledge?
Traditional knowledge
General Systems Theory
break whole things into parts to see how they work together in systems Example - organs in the body
When the nurse researcher informs the participant that the participant's identity will not be linked with the information that is collected, the researcher is ensuring the participant's:
confidentiality
Nursing Theory
differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities by serving the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices
One of the primary reasons for conducting nursing research is to:
generate knowledge to guide practice
Adaptation Theory
how we adapt based on our environment
Scientific Knowledge
obtained through the scientific method (research)
Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and:
use of outcome studies to guide decisions
What is a conceptual framework?
A group of interrelated objects that follow a pattern
Deductive Reasoning
A type of reasoning which goes from general to specific. Deductive reasoning is based on premises and if the premises are true, then the reasoning will be valid
An abstract idea or object that relates to other abstract ideas or objects is which?
Concept
The focus of nursing is always on which of the four common concepts in nursing theory?
Person
A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "My grandmother always told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?
Traditional knowledge
Developmental Theory
orderly and predictable growth and development from conception to death
Traditional Knowledge
passed down from generation to generation
A conceptual framework is defined as:
a set of concepts and propositions
Nurses in an ICU noticed that their clients required fewer interventions for pain when the ICU was quiet. They then asked a researcher to design a study about the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized clients. How does this demonstrate the ultimate goal of expanding the nursing body of knowledge?
Nursing research helps improve ways to promote and maintain health
Authoritative Knowledge
comes from an expert and is accepted as truth based on the person's perceived expertise
A nurse researcher must decide on the method for conducting the research. The researcher that plans to emphasize collection of numerical data and analysis would select which method of research?
Quantitative research
Which theory emphasizes the relationships between the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave?
General systems theory
A group of objects with relationships is which?
Concept
Who is considered to be the first nursing researcher?
Florence Nightingale
Who is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment?
Florence Nightingale
A nursing theorist examines a hospital environment by studying each ward and how it works individually, and then relates this information to the hospital as a whole working entity. This is an example of the use of which theory?
General systems theory
A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study and uses the PICO format to develop the foreground question which is: "In adults, does reducing salt intake, compared to no change in salt intake, lower blood pressure?" The nurse identifies the "P" as:
Adults
Dorothea Orem (Theorist)
Creator of the self-care deficit nursing theory, also known as the Orem model of nursing "be as independent as possible"
A nurse researcher develops a foreground question in preparation for conducting a research study. The question is: "In clients with intravenous catheters, how does replacing administration sets every 72 hours (h) compared with other frequent intervals (24h, 48h, or 96h) decrease infection rates?" Applying the PICO framework, which part of the statement reflects the "O"?
Decrease infection rates
A parent has brought a 6-year-old child into the clinic. The parent is concerned that the child does not seem to skip as well as the other children in the child's class. In planning assessments and care for this child, the nurse would be best served by choosing which theory as a foundation for decision making?
Developmental Theory
Which is a focus of medical research rather than nursing research?
Drug metabolism
The nurse is preparing to submit a research project to the institutional review board (IRB). The nurse understands that which is the purpose of the IRB?
Ensure the ethical treatment of all participants
Which activity best helps the nurse apply theory to practice?
Evidence-based research
Which theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice?
Nursing theory
Which theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice? You Selected:
Nursing theory
What type of research study would a hospital conduct to explore clients' and families' perceptions of receiving care?
Qualitative
Which theory describes how humans adjust to life with other living things and with the environment?
Adaptation theory
When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process?
Evaluating practice change