Ch. 21

Bacchus

Caravaggio, (ca. 1597)

Conversion of Saint Paul

Caravaggio, (ca. 1601)

The Calling of Saint Matthew

Caravaggio, (ca. 1599-1600)

Virgin and Child

Elisabetta Sirani, (1663)

Gian Lorenzo Bernini, David

Gian Lorenzo Bernini, (1623)

Baldachino at crossing of Saint Peter's Basilica, Vatican, Rome

Gian Lorenzo Bernini, (1624-33)

Four Rivers Fountain, Rome

Gian Lorenzo Bernini, (1648-51)

The Ecstasy of St. Theresa, Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome

Gian Lorenzo Bernini, (1645-52)

The cast bronze baldacchino in Saint Peter's, designed by Gianlorenzo Bernini, serves as the tomb of Pope Urban VIII. a colonnade enclosing Saint Peter's Square. a canopy over the altar. a niche for Bernini's sculpture The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa.

a canopy over the altar.

Antonio Vivaldi's musical headquarters were located at the papal palaces in Rome. a boys' orphanage in Rome. the scuole of Venice. a girls' orphanage in Venice.

a girls' orphanage in Venice.

aedicule

architectural frame of an opening composed of entablementure and pediment supported by columns or pilasters

Cornaro Chapel

Anonymous, 1654

Judith and Maidservant with Head of Holofernes

Artemisia Gentileschi, (ca. 1625)

Why, in the Cornaro Chapel of the Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria, did Gianlorenzo Bernini make the Cornaro family portraits lean out of what appear to be theater boxes? Bernini intended the chapel as a dramatic spectacle. Cornaro family members were the leading patrons of Roman theater. The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa was the subject of a popular opera. The Cornaros were a family of actors.

Bernini intended the chapel as a dramatic spectacle.

The Spanish nobleman Ignatius of Loyola founded the Venice Opera. Laurentian Library. Jesuit order. Council of Trent.

Jesuit order

In The Calling of Saint Matthew, Caravaggio makes reference to Michelangelo's Creation on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Jesus' gesture. Peter's gesture. the tenebrism. the portrayal of ecstasy.

Jesus' gesture.

Select the statement that is not true of Teresa of Ávila: She recorded her experiences of mystical religious visions. She was a nun who was eventually made a saint. She commissioned Gianlorenzo Bernini to sculpt her for likeness for a niche at Santa Maria della Vittoria. She came from a converso background and knew about the Jewish Kabbalah.

She commissioned Gianlorenzo Bernini to sculpt her for likeness for a niche at Santa Maria della Vittoria.

Which of these passages can be interpreted as a thinly veiled description of sexual orgasm? Ignatius of Loyola's points in Spiritual Exercises John Donne's description of Saul's experience in "Batter My Heart" Teresa of Ávila's description of a vision in The Life of Teresa of Ávila Monteverdi's lyrics in Orfeo

Teresa of Ávila's description of a vision in The Life of Teresa of Ávila

In the seventeenth century, the center of musical activity in Europe was Rome. Mantua. Venice. Florence.

Venice

The division between religious and secular music was less pronounced in Venice than elsewhere because Venice traditionally chafed at papal authority. Venetians rejected musical innovation. Venetian music had traditionally combined organ playing with choral singing. Venice had become predominantly Protestant.

Venice traditionally chafed at papal authority.

In this painting, Saint Matthew is generally believed to be represented by the standing man, because he has already risen to follow Jesus. bearded man, because he points to himself in astonishment. man counting the money, because he has the riches of a king. man in the plumed hat, because the light shines brightest on him.

bearded man, because he points to himself in astonishment

Baroque artists used foreshortening in order to break down the barrier between the painting's space and that of the viewer. produce a sense of calm and balance. increase distortion. create a visual space that moves away from the viewer in parallel planes.

break down the barrier between the painting's space and that of the viewer.

baldachino

canopy used to define the altar space

oratorio

chorale work, usually religious

pilaster

column which appears to support weight but is decorational

Which was not an accomplishment of Pope Sixtus V in service of the renewal of Rome? reopening an ancient aqueduct to supply city water cutting avenues to connect major churches to one another commissioning Carlo Maderno to design a new façade for Saint Peter's Basilica ordering the establishment of piazzas, decorating many with Egyptian obelisks

commissioning Carlo Maderno to design a new façade for Saint Peter's Basilica

Elisabetta Sirani and Artemisia Gentileschi were both daughters of painters. Caravaggio's students. from converso backgrounds. devoted to Old Testament subjects.

daughters of painters

One of the first women artists to achieve an international following, Artemisia Gentileschi preferred to paint family scenes of mothers and children. depictions of women from myths and biblical stories. portraits of fellow artists of the Florentine Academy of Design. images of the Virgin Mary.

depictions of women from myths and biblical stories.

aria

elaborate solo or duet song that expresses singers emotions and feelings

tenebrism

exaggerated form of chiaroscurro

Like other leading artists of the Baroque era, Gianlorenzo Bernini was able to turn out massive quantities of work, foremost, because he had a large group of assistants under his supervision. was a prodigy who began at a very young age. had multiple artistic interests. was unconcerned with the finished quality of his work.

had a large group of assistants under his supervision.

In his Spiritual Exercises, Ignatius Loyola called on Jesuits to develop all of their senses. For the Church, this call to the senses manifested itself in the reduction of music in Church services. increasingly elaborate Church decoration. a return to classical Greek and Roman antecedents. a spirit of compromise in the struggle against sin.

increasingly elaborate Church decoration.

The Counter-Reformation Baroque style is characterized by increasingly ornate and grandiose forms expressing emotion and feeling. a revival of Greco-Roman forms expressing a renewed faith in democracy. a simplification of forms possessing economy and egalitarianism. calm, rational proportionality expressing logic and order.

increasingly ornate and grandiose forms expressing emotion and feeling.

movements

individual sections

sonata

instrument or instruments in any comination

A feature of Baroque art whereby an artwork enters into an active relationship with the space surrounding it is called its invisible complement. aedicule. oratorio. tenebrism.

invisible complement

Caravaggio was one of the most influential artists of his day because of his illusionistic ceiling frescoes involving foreshortening. mastery of light and dark in a technique known as tenebrism. innovative juxtaposition of classical elements in church design. virtuosity in sculpting marble.

mastery of light and dark in a technique known as tenebrism.

ritornello

musical passage in which an instrument performs episodes that contrast back and forth with the orchestral score

he painters Artemisia Gentileschi and Elisabetta Sirani were both apprenticed to Caravaggio in their youth before rejecting his style. trained in the workshop of Bernini. profoundly influenced by the style of Caravaggio. notable for their treatment of traditional subjects.

profoundly influenced by the style of Caravaggio.

program music

purely instrumental music connected in some way to a story or an idea

This church designed by Francesco Borromini departs from Renaissance traditions by completing the interior first before the façade. using more than one Classical order. combining both a balustrade and a cartouche in the façade. replacing classical balance and clarity with dramatically elaborate ornamentation.

replacing classical balance and clarity with dramatically elaborate ornamentation.

monody

solo voice with basso continuo

A religious form of instrumental music consisting of four movements (a slow, dignified movement, followed by a fast, imitative movement, then slow and fast again) is called a cantata. sonata da chiesa. camerata. sonata da camera.

sonata da chiesa

invisible complement

space surrounding a sculpture

opera

text based musical

libretto

text of a musical work

tonality

the character of a piece of music as determined by the key in which it is played

concerto

three movement secular form of instrumental music

When Ignatius Loyola says, in his Spiritual Exercises, that "we ought always to hold that the white which I see, is black, if the Hierarchical Church so decides it," he is affirming unquestioning submission to Catholic Church doctrine. a new theological doctrine of tenebrism. the new ideas of the Reformation. the Church's wish to reign in the use of illusionistic technique in decoration.

unquestioning submission to Catholic Church doctrine.

dynamics

variation in force or intensity

Gianlorenzo Bernini used Doric columns in his design of the Cornaro Chapel in the Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria. baldacchino for Saint Peter's Basilica. Vatican Square. Four Rivers Fountain.

vatican