CH. 21 - THE MODERN WORLD: 1800-1945

What school of artists were named for a review of their groundbreaking 1874 exhibition as the Anonymous Society of Artists, Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, etc?

Impressionists

The ______ was the first national museum open to the public.

Louvre

What notorious painting by Edouard Manet was exhibited at the Salon des Refuses?

Luncheon on the Grass

Which early 20th century figure was highly influenced on the art of surrealists?

Sigmund Freud

The first art movement to be born during the 19th century was what?

realism

Both Dada and Surrealism embraced

silliness

Which of the following is not a common characteristic in modern depictions of mothers and their children?

representations of Madonna and baby Jesus

Which of the following are recognized periods of Pablo Picasso's artistic career?

- cubist period - blue period - rose period - neoclassical period

Pierre Auguste Renoir Le Moulin de la Galette serves as a good example of Impressionism because of the

- dappled sunlight that shines and dances through the leaves - subject matter, which depicts the outdoors

Which of the following were characteristics of human figures in Romantic paintings?

- exoticism - mystery - emotion

Paul Gauguin is known for which of the following techniques?

- flattened forms and broad color areas - tertiary color harmonies - a strong outline

What characteristics best describe cubism?

- objects were depicted as if viewed from several viewpoints simultaneously - depictions of objects are broken down into simple geometric shapes

Which of the following are characteristics of early Cubism?

- the fragmentation of figures as if seen from multiple perspectives - the merging figure and ground where forms blend and intersect with the background - the inclusion of nontraditional elements such as primitive African and Iberian art

Surrealist works were inspired by

- the theories of Sigmund Freud - the sexual drive - dreams

Members of the Die Brucke group like Ernest Ludwig Kirchner, created compositions what including which characteristics?

- wavering contours - intense arbitrary colors

Expressionism largely developed in what century and country?

20th century Germany

Founded by Walter Gropius, the _____ was a school of design that focused on stripping down embellishments and the paring down to clean lines.

Bauhaus

Banned by the Soviet government in 1922, Constructivism went on to influence which European artistic movement?

De Stijl

Why is Edouard Manet's Luncheon on the Grass considered to be such an important painting?

It was boldly aware of the fact that it was a painting, which in turn made modern painting more complex

With its hidden brush strokes and grand subject matter, Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres's Jupiter and Thetis is said to follow what artistic style?

Neoclassicism

Based off of his interest in color theory, Georges Seurat developed a technique of painting involving small dots of color placed close together and blended by the eye. What was the name of this technique?

Pointillism

Even though William-Adolphe Bouguereau's the birth of venus was painted in 1879, it shows strong influence to paintings from which period?

Renaissance

What artist is created with adapting the convention of Realism from its original European context to create a distinctly American Realist style?

Thomas Eakins

The subject matter of Aaron Douglas's From Slavery Through Reconstruction is broad, covering such events and entities as

a reading of the Emancipation Proclamation, the KKK, and voting rights

The Dada art movement shared what defining characteristic?

a refusal to make sense

Innovators such as Giorgio de Chirico believed that art would evolve only though

exploring new subjects

Follower of the De Stijl movement believed that, by distilling formal elements down to the basic line and color, art could achieve what?

harmonious intellectual beauty

Marcel Duchamp's Fountain was a controversial piece of art because

it was a urinal turned on its side and signed

One of the lasting legacies of Dadaism was its

questioning of the very nature of art

In Fauvist paintings, ______ is considered to be a fully independent expressive element.

color

Experimentation with ______ and _________ defined the avant-garde movement of the early 20th century

color, form

In the early 20th century a group of artists founded what art movement in protest?

dada

The ______ intensity of Vincent van Gogh's The Starry Night is a defining element of the painter's work, inspiring generations of artists to come.

emotional

In 19th century France a successful artist usually

exhibited at the Salon

The primary element being conveyed in Umberto Boccioni's Unique Forms of Continuity in Space is ______, which is highly representative of the Futurist style.

motion

The Impressionists were among the first artists to

paint outdoors rather than in the studio

What 19th century invention revolutionized the way artists were able to create images?

photography

Though he admired the Impressionists, what qualities did Paul Cezanne believed those earlier paintings lacked, which he in turn incorporated in to his own compositions?

structure and order

Which figure in George Caleb Bingham's Fur Traders Descending the Missouri is though to be a metaphor for nature?

the bear cub due to its mysterious and unknowable quality

Gustave Courbet's massive painting A Burial at Ornans sparked many contrasting opinions when first shown in 1850. Detractors of the work identified the painting as a representation of

the cult of the ugly

What type of subject matter did Henri Matisse typically explore?

the human body