CH 22: Respiratory System

alveoli

4. Which of the following anatomical structures is not part of the conducting zone? a. pharynx b. nasal cavity c. alveoli d. bronchi

fissure

10. Which of the following structures separates the lung into lobes? a. mediastinum b. fissure c. root d. pleura

residual volume

19. Which of the following prevents the alveoli from collapsing? a. residual volume b. tidal volume c. expiratory reserve volume d. inspiratory reserve volume

all of the above

25. Which of the following factors play a role in the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation/dissociation curve? a. temperature b. pH c. BPG d. all of the above

hyperventilation

28. Increased ventilation that results in an increase in blood pH is called ________. a. hyperventilation b. hyperpnea c. acclimatization d. apnea

terminal bronchioles

8. Which of the following structures is not part of the bronchial tree? a. alveoli b. bronchi c. terminal bronchioles d. respiratory bronchioles

bronchopulmonary segment

11. A section of the lung that receives its own tertiary bronchus is called the ________. a. bronchopulmonary segment b. pulmonary lobule c. interpulmonary segment d. respiratory segment

respiratory

12. The ________ circulation picks up oxygen for cellular use and drops off carbon dioxide for removal from the body. a. pulmonary b. interlobular c. respiratory d. bronchial

visceral and parietal pleurae

13. The pleura that surrounds the lungs consists of two layers, the ________. a. visceral and parietal pleurae. b. mediastinum and parietal pleurae. c. visceral and mediastinum pleurae. d. none of the above

pulmonary ventilation

14. Which of the following processes does atmospheric pressure play a role in? a. pulmonary ventilation b. production of pulmonary surfactant c. resistance d. surface tension

increase in

15. A decrease in volume leads to a(n) ________ pressure. a. decrease in b. equalization of c. increase in d. zero

transpulmonary pressure

16. The pressure difference between the intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures is called ________. a. atmospheric pressure b. pulmonary pressure c. negative pressure d. transpulmonary pressure

resistance

17. Gas flow decreases as ________ increases. a. resistance b. pressure c. airway diameter d. friction

The ribs and sternum move upward

18. Contraction of the external intercostal muscles causes which of the following to occur? a. The diaphragm moves downward. b. The rib cage is compressed. c. The thoracic cavity volume decreases. d. The ribs and sternum move upward.

high; low

20. Gas moves from an area of ________ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure. a. low; high b. low; low c. high; high d. high; low

The capillary constricts

21. When ventilation is not sufficient, which of the following occurs? a. The capillary constricts. b. The capillary dilates. c. The partial pressure of oxygen in the affected alveolus increases. d. The bronchioles dilate.

internal respiration

22. Gas exchange that occurs at the level of the tissues is called ________. a. external respiration b. interpulmonary respiration c. internal respiration d. pulmonary ventilation

It diffuses into the alveoli

23. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 45 mm Hg in the blood and 40 mm Hg in the alveoli. What happens to the carbon dioxide? a. It diffuses into the blood. b. It diffuses into the alveoli. c. The gradient is too small for carbon dioxide to diffuse. d. It decomposes into carbon and oxygen.

hemoglobin and oxygen

24. Oxyhemoglobin forms by a chemical reaction between which of the following? a. hemoglobin and carbon dioxide b. carbonic anhydrase and carbon dioxide c. hemoglobin and oxygen d. carbonic anhydrase and oxygen

Chloride is exchanged for bicarbonate

26. Which of the following occurs during the chloride shift? a. Chloride is removed from the erythrocyte. b. Chloride is exchanged for bicarbonate. c. Bicarbonate is removed from the erythrocyte. d. Bicarbonate is removed from the blood

Haldane effect

27. A low partial pressure of oxygen promotes hemoglobin binding to carbon dioxide. This is an example of the ________. a. Haldane effect b. Bohr effect c. Dalton's law d. Henry's law

small venous reserve of oxygen

29. Exercise can trigger symptoms of AMS due to which of the following? a. low partial pressure of oxygen b. low atmospheric pressure c. abnormal neural signals d. small venous reserve of oxygen

erythropoietin

30. Which of the following stimulates the production of erythrocytes? a. AMS b. high blood levels of carbon dioxide c. low atmospheric pressure d. erythropoietin

ectoderm

31. The olfactory pits form from which of the following? a. mesoderm b. cartilage c. ectoderm d. endoderm

increase surface area

5. What is the function of the conchae in the nasal cavity? a. increase surface area b. exchange gases c. maintain surface tension d. maintain air pressure

oral cavity

6. The fauces connects which of the following structures to the oropharynx? a. nasopharynx b. laryngopharynx c. nasal cavity d. oral cavity

C-shaped cartilage

7. Which of the following are structural features of the trachea? a. C-shaped cartilage b. smooth muscle fibers c. cilia d. all of the above

to remove pathogens and debris

9. What is the role of alveolar macrophages? a. to secrete pulmonary surfactant b. to secrete antimicrobial proteins c. to remove pathogens and debris d. to facilitate gas exchange