ch 23 - respiratory

alveolus

This is the primary gas exchange site

urinary system

With which body system does the respiratory system work to regulate the pH of body fluids?

(A) Pharynx

During swallow, which structure rises? A) pharynx B) esophagus C) trachea D) palatine tonsils E) primary bronchi

(A) Inspiratory muscles relax

Exhalation begins when A) Inspiratory muscles relax B) Diaphragm contracts C) Blood circulation is the lowest D) Inspiratory muscles relax and the diaphragm contracts E) All of the above

(A) the pressure inside the lungs must become lower than the atmospheric pressure.

For air to enter the lungs during inhalation A) the pressure inside the lungs must become lower than the atmospheric pressure. B) the pressure inside the lungs must be higher than the atmospheric pressure. C) the pressure inside the lungs must be equal to the atmospheric pressure. D) the size of the lungs must be decreased. E) the diaphragm has to be relaxed.

(B) tension of the vocal chords.

Pitch is controlled by A) vibration of the vocal chords. B) tension of the vocal chords. C) layers of cartilage in the vocal chords. D) arrangement of the vocal chords. E) None of the above

medulla oblongata

The basic rhythm of respiration is controlled by the

anatomic dead space

The conducting airways with the air that does not undergo gas exchange are known as the

(E) All of the above

The conducting zone does NOT act to A) clean air of debris B) conduct air into the lungs C) add water to air D) warm air E) all of the above

(B) internal respiration.

The exchange of gases between blood in the systemic capillaries and tissue cells is called A) pulmonary ventilation. B) internal respiration. C) external respiration. D) expiration. E) inspiration.

choanae (internal nares)

The nose connects with the pharynx through the

fauces

The opening to the pharynx from the mouth is called

carina

The point where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi is a ridge called

(B) Type II alveolar cells

These are cells of the alveoli that produce surfactant. A) Type I alveolar cells B) Type II alveolar cells C) Type III alveolar cells D) Surface cells E) Macrophages

(B) Arytenoids cartilage

These are triangular pieces of mostly hyaline cartilage located at the posterior and superior border of the cricoid cartilage. A) Corniculate cartilage B) Arytenoids cartilage C) Cricotracheal cartilage D) Cuneiform cartilage E) Laryngeal cartilage

coughing

This is a long drawn and deep inhalation followed by a complete closure of the rima glottidis, which results in a strong exhalation, pushing the rima glottisdis open and sending a blast of air through the upper respiratory passages:

sneezing

This is a spasmodic contraction of the muscles of exhalation that forcefully expels air through the nose and mouth

Oxygen out of blood, Carbon dioxide into blood

This is direction of diffusion of gases at capillaries near systemic cells.

Oxygen into blood Carbon dioxide out of blood

This is direction of diffusion of gases at the alveoli of the lungs.

trachea

This is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi

(B) Functional residual capacity

This is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume. A) Total lung capacity B) Functional residual capacity C) Inspiratory capacity D) Vital capacity E) Minimal volume

(C) High compliance

This means the lungs and the chest wall expand easily. A) High surface tension B) Low surface tension C) High compliance D) Low compliance E) None of the above

epiglottis

This structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea.

decreases increases

When blood pH drops then the amount of oxyhemoglobin _____ and oxygen delivery to the tissue cells _____.

in the medulla

Where is the rhythmicity center for respiration?

(E) respiratory rate

Which is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen? A) pH of blood (acidity) B) partial pressure of oxygen C) amount of oxygen available D) temperature E) respiratory rate

(A) bound to hemoglobin 70% is converted into carbonic acid 23% attached to Hb 7% dissolved in plasma as a gas

Which is the dominant method of CO2 transport? A) bound to hemoglobin B) bound to oxygen C) dissolved in plasma as a gas D) dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions E) diffusion

(C) Simple squamous epithelium

Which of the below tissues forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus? A) Stratified squamous epithelium B) Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells C) Simple squamous epithelium D) Hyaline cartilage E) Columnar connective tissue with goblet cells

(C) Hyaline cartilage

Which of the below tissues maintains open airways in the lower respiratory system? A) Stratified squamous epithelium with keratin B) Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells C) Hyaline cartilage D) Mucus membrane E) Bone

(B) ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Which of the below tissues provides the functions of the inner layer of the conducting organs? A) stratified squamous epithelium with keratin B) ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells C) cilated cuboidal epithelium with goblet cells D) transitional epithelium with cilia E) columnar connective tissue with goblet cells

(E) force of contraction of diaphragm

Which of the following is NOT a factor that the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange depends on? A) partial pressure difference of the gases B) surface area for gas exchange C) diffusion distance D) molecular weight and solubility of the gases E) force of contraction of diaphragm

(D) Trachea

Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory system? A) nose B) oral cavity C) pharynx D) trachea E) nasal meatuses

pharynx

Which of the following is a passageway for air and food?