Ch. 23 True or False

"Dixiecrats" nominated Hubert Humphrey for President in 1948

False

Comprised of the United States, Canada, and ten western European nations, the Warsaw Pact was launched as a collective deterrent against Soviet aggression.

False

George Kennan was a Soviet spy working in the American embassy in Moscow.

False

Jackson Pollock's paintings were viewed as communistic by the CIA and defunded.

False

By 1949, the world's largest country measured by land area (the Soviet Union), and the world's largest country by population (China) were both communist.

True

George Kennan's Long Telegram provided an early formulation of the policy of "containment."

True

In 1947, the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) launched hearings into communist influence in Hollywood, and, in consequence, actors, directors, and screenwriters were blacklisted or jailed.

True

In July 1948, President Harry S. Truman issued an executive order desegregating the armed forces.

True

Under the Truman Doctrine, only those governments that respected the democratic rights of citizens and the sovereignty of other peoples could expect friendship and support from the United States. True

False

American officials used anti-communist sentiment to investigate political dissenters and to otherwise widen their powers.

True

As part of the cultural Cold War, the CIA secretly funded an array of overseas publications, conferences, publishing houses, concerts, art exhibits, and jazz performances.

True

The words "under God" were added to the Pledge of Allegiance in the 1950s in response to Soviet opposition to organized religion and to "strengthen our national resistance to communism."

True

While the anticommunist hysteria of the postwar years came to be known as "McCarthyism," it arose well before Senator Joseph McCarthy entered the scene.

True

The Democratic Party platform of 1948 was the most progressive in the party's history.

true

Alger Hiss, an editor at Time magazine, accused Whittaker Chambers, a high-ranking State Department official, of giving him secret government documents to pass along to the Soviet Union.

False

Although the United States was instrumental in the rebuilding of German industry, it did not significantly contribute to similar efforts in Japan.

False

Human rights and the notion of freedom were not a major focus of American leaders during the Cold War.

False

In Dennis v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that the imprisonment of communist leaders violated the right of free expression.

False

President Harry Truman was defeated by Thomas Dewey in the election of 1948.

False

The 1946 congressional elections marked a resounding triumph for Truman's Fair Deal program.

False

The term "iron curtain" was coined by President Harry Truman.

False

In the atmosphere of the Cold War, the United States tended to define "human rights" in terms of political liberty, while the Soviet Union emphasized social and economic entitlements.

True

In the context of the Cold War, no matter how repressive a nation was, so long as it supported the United States it was counted as a member of the Free World.

True

Race relations in the United States were a major ideological concern, and even an embarrassment, for American leaders during the Cold War.

True

Republicans swept the congressional elections of 1946 to control both houses of Congress for the first time since the 1920s.

True

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) quietly subsidized artists it considered useful in the "cultural Cold War

True

The Marshall plan sought to contain Soviet communism by promoting economic recovery and providing humanitarian aid.

True

The United States emerged from World War II as the world's greatest power; it had the world's most powerful navy and air force and accounted for half the world's manufacturing capacity.

True

The first confrontation of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union occurred in the Middle East in Iran

True

The term totalitarianism originated in Europe between the world wars to describe aggressive, ideologically driven states that sought to subdue all civil society, including churches, unions, and other voluntary associations.

true