CH 24 A&P LECTURE HW

Gastrin 1. stimulates secretion of large amounts of gastric juice. 2. strengthens contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter. 3. secretion is stimulated by low pH and inhibited by high pH.

1 and 2

Negatively charged ions such as bicarbonate, chloride, iodide, and nitrate may be absorbed by 1. active transport. 2. passively following sodium ions. 3. passively following water through osmosis.

1 and 2

Which of the following is/are most likely to be part of the gastrointestinal reflex pathway? 1. stretch receptors 2. neurons of the autonomic nervous system 3. muscle fibers of the transversus abdominus

1 and 2

The major hormones that control digestion are

Gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? The tongue is in direct contact with ingested food, but is still considered to be an accessory digestive organ. The esophagus is a muscular tube that is considered to be part of the gastrointestinal tract. The salivary glands are accessory digestive organs that secrete digestive enzymes into the oral cavity. The gallbladder is a hollow muscular organ that is considered to be part of the alimentary canal. The liver is an accessory digestive organ that produces secretions that flow into the small intestine.

The gallbladder is a hollow muscular organ that is considered to be part of the alimentary canal.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? The upper esophageal sphincter contains smooth muscle. The upper esophageal sphincter controls movement of food from the pharynx into the esophagus. The lower esophageal sphincter contains smooth muscle. The lower esophageal sphincter controls movement of food from the esophagus into the stomach. Gastroesophageal reflex disease may be due to a defect in the lower esophageal sphincter.

The upper esophageal sphincter contains smooth muscle.

The pharyngeal phase of swallowing

begins when the bolus enters the oropharynx.

The parotid glands are found

between the skin and the masseter muscle.

In order from the small intestine to the anus, the major regions of the large intestine are

cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal

The pancreatic duct joins with the

common bile duct.

The myenteric plexus

controls the contractile strength and frequency of the muscularis.

All of the following may occur in the digestive system as a result of aging EXCEPT decreased incidence of appendicitis and acute pancreatitis. decreased response to pain and internal sensations. increased incidence of duodenal ulcers. dysregulated neurosensory. decreased sensitivity to mouth irritations and ulcers.

decreased incidence of appendicitis and acute pancreatitis.

The pharynx is part of both the ___ and the ___ organ systems.

digestive and respiratory

Which of the following does NOT produce at least one enzyme and one hormone?

esophagus

The mesentary

extends from the posterior wall to wrap around the small intestine.

The mesentery

extends from the posterior wall to wrap around the small intestine.

As you smell food, your mouth begins to water and your stomach rumbles. This signals the beginning of the gastric phase of digestion. T/F

false

Bile breaks down fats into monoglycerides and fatty acids. T/F

false

Pepsinogen is an active protease in the stomach. T/F

false

Saliva contains enzymes which can digest proteins. T/F

false

The incisors, cuspids, premolars, and molars are required for formation of a bolus before swallowing. T/F

false

The oral cavity is formed by the cheeks, tongue, and hard palate, but does not include the soft palate. T/F

false

The salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas develop from the midgut. T/F

false

The simple squamous epithelium found in the esophagus allows diffusion and absorption of water. T/F

false

You would see prominent rugae in the stomach after consuming 3 liters of food. T/F

false

The highly permeable blood capillaries of the liver are called

hepatic sinusoids

The gastrocolic reflex

initiates mass peristalsis.

The enterogastric reflex

is stimulated by the presence of chyme in the duodenum.

Which is NOT a major salivary gland?

lingual glands

The absorptive ability of the large intestine is enhanced by the presence of

microvilli

The lamina propria of the GI tract is a layer of connective tissue found in the

mucosa

Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor are secreted in the stomach by

parietal cells.

Chief cells within the gastric glands of the stomach secrete

pepsinogen and gastric lipase.

_________ stimulates increased secretion of pancreatic juice that is rich in bicarbonate ions.

secretin

The enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine secrete

secretin, CCK, and GIP.

Sympathetic nerve impulses

stimulate production of saliva in response to the feel and taste of food.

The esophageal epithlelium is comprised of ________, while the epithelium of the stomach is comprised of ______________.

stratified squamous epithelium which helps protect against friction; simple columnar epithelium which provides secretion and some protection.

Deglutition describes

the act of swallowing.

Which attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?

the falciform ligament

Absorbed nutrients reach the liver via the hepatic portal system. T/F

true

Although most nutrients are not absorbed in the stomach, alcohol may be absorbed. T/F

true

Loss of vagus nerve function would cause partial loss of enteric nervous system regulation. T/F

true

Secretions from the liver and gallbladder are united in the common bile duct and enter the duodenum through the sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla. T/F

true

The muscle contained within the pharynx is primarily skeletal muscle. T/F

true

The pancreatic acini are small clusters of glandular epithelial cells which comprise the exocrine portion of the pancreas. T/F

true

Which of the following enzymes is NOT matched correctly with its substrate? pancreatic amylase: starch trypsin: oligo- and disaccharides carboxypeptidase: proteins pancreatic lipase: triglycerides ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease: nucleic acids

trypsin: oligo- and disaccharides

When you swallow, which structures rise to close off the nasopharynx?

uvula and soft palate