CH 24 HISTORY

As late as the 1990s, nearly 90 percent of suburban whites lived in communities with non-white populations of less than

1 PERCENT

Following the launch of the first intercontinental ballistic missile, John F. Kennedy warned that the Soviets had achieved technological and military superiority over the United States, and that Republicans had allowed this to develop.

A MISSILE GAP

A leading voice of the Beats was

ALLEN GINSBERG

What was the landmark United States Supreme Court case decided on May 17, 1954, in which the Warren Court unanimously asserted that segregation in public education violated the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment?

BROWN V BOARD OF EDUCATION

The Cold War began in

EUROPE

Although Americans in the 1950s grew more intensely religious, fewer than ever were affiliated with religious institutions. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

Dwight Eisenhower entered the presidency determined to dismantle the New Deal. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

It is a myth that children in the 1950s and 1960s were trained to hide under their desks in the event of an atomic attack. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

New York became the most prominent symbol of the postwar suburban boom; one-fifth of the population growth of the 1950s occurred there. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

Orval Faubus was among the attorneys on the team hired by the NAACP to pursue the watershed case Brown v. Board of Education. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

President, Eisenhower sought to roll back the New Deal, abolish social security and unemployment insurance, and eliminate labor laws and farm programs. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

Prior to her arrest that led to the Montgomery bus boycott, Rosa Parks had never been involved in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) activism. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

The suburban explosion of the 1950s did much to diminish racial divisions in America. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

In the aftermath of Rosa Parks's arrest for refusing to give her bus seat to a white rider, a yearlong bus boycott took place in what city?

MONTGOMERY ALABAMA

The so-called "kitchen debate" between Nixon and Khrushchev occurred where?

MOSCOW RUSSIA

As families escaped their everyday lives for the "open road," this businessman franchised his business into approximately 700 McDonald's fast food stands built by 1964.

RAY KROC

One of the key advantages the Soviet Union held over the United States on a global scale was America's continuing issue of

SEGREGATION

The baby boom lasted until

THE MID 1960S

During the 1950s, the mass movement for civil rights found principal support among whom?

THE SOUTHERN BLACK CHURCH

What was the coalition of black ministers and civil rights activists that pressed for desegregation and was formed in 1955, and in whose organizing Martin Luther King Jr. took the lead?

THE SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE

Although it was a nationwide phenomenon, 1950s suburbanization gathered its greatest momentum in the West. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

As part of the expansive and dynamic growth of the American economy, in the twenty years after 1950, about 7 million white Americans left cities for the suburbs, nearly 3 million blacks moved from South to North, and half a million Puerto Ricans moved to the mainland. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

By the end of the 1950s, almost 90 percent of American families owned television sets, average daily television viewing time was five hours, and television had proven itself the most effective advertising medium ever invented. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

By the mid-1960s, 25 million Americans owned shares of stock. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

During the 1950s, prominent psychologists insisted that women who were unhappy as housewives suffered from a failure to accept the "maternal instinct." TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

For all of America's successes, by 1960 more than one in five Americans lived in poverty. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

In 1960, women earned, on average, 60 percent of the income of men. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

In many ways, the economy and culture of the 1950s was dominated by the automobile. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

In the 1950s, the number of houses in the United States doubled; most were built in the suburbs. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

In the post-World War II United States, Americans' daily lives were transformed by the widespread use of televisions, air conditioning, dishwashers, long-distance telephone calls, and jet travel. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

One strand of social analysis in the 1950s asserted that Americans were psychologically and culturally discontent, lonely and anxious, and yearning not so much for freedom as for stability and authority. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

One strand of social analysis in the 1950s criticized the monotony of modern work, the emptiness of suburban life, and the pervasive influence of advertising. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

The Brown decision encouraged an awakening of civil rights protest - and segregationist protest - in the South, ensuring it would have the backing of federal courts.

TRUE

World War II was followed in the United States by what has been called "a golden age" of capitalism; between 1946 and 1960, the nation's gross national product more than doubled. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

Under this kind of program, cities demolished poor neighborhoods in city centers that occupied potentially valuable real estate; in its place were constructed retail centers and all-white middle-income housing complexes.

URBAN RENEWAL

Which was not part of the new "social contract" between organized labor and management in leading industries during the 1950s?

Unions sponsored "wildcat" strikes in an effort to discipline management.

Which of the following was not a prominent feature of suburban married life during the 1950s?

a growing tendency of husbands and wives to share the roles of breadwinner and homemaker

Which of the following was not a significant trend in 1950s America?

a surge of student radicalism on college campuses

In the 1950s, Richard Nixon pioneered efforts to transform the Republican Party's image

from defender of business to champion of the "forgotten man," for whom heavy taxation had become a burden.

While most Americans saw the alliance of the Defense Department and private industry as a source of jobs and national security, Eisenhower felt it was a threat to democracy, calling this power the

military-industrial complex.

The principal organization in the Southwest - the equivalent of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) - that challenged restrictions on housing and employment, as well as the segregation of Latino students, was named

the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC).