ch 24 nutrition, metabolism, & energy balance

during glycolysis, glucose must be activated by how many ATP molecules?

2

_______ are considered "good" cholesterol; high blood levels of this cholesterol are thought to be beneficial.

HDLs

as proteins are broken down for energy, ____ is generated; the liver then converts this potentially toxic intermediate into ______. a) urea; water b) ammonia; urea c) ammonia; glucose d) acid; ammonia

ammonia; urea

which of the following is an example of catabolism? a) using amino acids to make a protein b) cellular respiration c) absorbing nutrients into the blood from the intestines d) lipid synthesis

cellular respiration

t/f: a substance that is reduced has lost an electron

false

t/f: the body's overall rate of energy output is called the basal metabolic rate

false

one function of vitamin A is to ____.

form visual pigments

most vitamins______

function as coenzymes in the body

in the post-absorptive state, ______.

glycogen is broken down to release glucose

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of glycolysis? a) glycolysis produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule b) glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of a cell c) the final products of glycolysis include 2 molecules of pyruvic acid d) glycolysis requires oxygen

glycolysis requires oxygen q

in the absorptive state, ___________.

insulin serves as the main regulatory hormone

which of the following is considered a long-term regulator of feeding behavior? a) blood concentration of amino acids and fatty acids b) stimulation of stretch receptors c) CCK levels d) leptin levels

leptin levels

which of the following is a micronutrient? a) mineral b) lipid c) protein d) carbohydrate

mineral

a person who is starving is likely to exhibit: a) postive nitrogen balance b) neutral nitrogen balance c) nitrogen balance d) negative nitrogen balance

negative nitrogen balance

which of the following is a characteristic of the citric acid (krebs) cycle? a) pyruvic acid directly enters the citric acid cycle b) the citric acid cycle occurs in the cytosol of the cell c) the citric acid cycle generates a rich supply of the reduced coenzymes, NADH, and FADH2 d) the citric acid cycle is an anaerobic pathway

the citric acid cycle generates a rich supply of the reduced coenzymes, NADH, and FADH2

Glycogenolysis

the cleavage of glycogen to release glucose

glycogenesis

the formation of glycogen to store glucose

beta oxidation

the initial phase of fatty acid breakdown

Gluconeogenesis

the process of forming glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules

which of the following would raise body temp? a) thyroxine b) sweating c) dilation of cutaneous blood vessels d) evaporation

thyroxine

lipogenesis

triglyceride synthesis

t/f: fat-soluble vitamins can be toxic if consumed in large quantities

true

`a major means for conserving heat is

vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels

the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is

water