CH 25 - 27 Quiz

Unemployment in the United States averaged only 5 percent in the 1920s but in 1933 soared to about. . . A) 30 percent. B) 40 percent. C) 20 percent. D) 10 percent.

A) 30 percent.

What did Marcel Proust attempt to do in his novel "Remembrance of Things Past?" A) Discover the inner meaning of bittersweet memories of childhood and youthful love B) Understand the historical laws governing human behavior as they played out in individual lives C) Explore how Nietzsche's declaration "God is dead" affected a typical French village structured around its local church D) Demonstrate how the history of France was a story of the progress of mankind

A) Discover the inner meaning of bittersweet memories of childhood and youthful love

What was the effect of the 1935 Nuremberg Laws? A) It defined as Jewish anyone having three or more Jewish grandparents. B) It banned most Jewish lawyers, doctors, and professors from their professions. C) It allowed marriage between a Jew and a person defined as a German. D) It permitted Jews to have some rights of citizenship.

A) It defined as Jewish anyone having three or more Jewish grandparents.

How did Lenin's and the Bolsheviks' view of the Marxist party in Russia differ from the Mensheviks' view of the party? A) The Bolsheviks wanted a small, disciplined party, while the Mensheviks wanted a democratic party with mass membership. B) The Bolsheviks wanted a populist party that emerged from below, while the Mensheviks wanted a party that was hierarchically shaped by its leadership. C) The Bolsheviks wanted a militaristic party, while the Mensheviks wanted a party that promoted peace and an end to the war. D) The Bolsheviks wanted a party that focused on electoral victory, while the Mensheviks wanted a party that focused on a military coup.

A) The Bolsheviks wanted a small, disciplined party, while the Mensheviks wanted a democratic party with mass membership.

In his philosophical writings, Friedrich Nietzsche argued that. . . A) The Western world had overemphasized rationality and stifled the authentic passions that drive human activity and true creativity. B) Democracy, progress, and respectability were important ideas that no civilization could do without. C) Humans must overcome their animal instincts, which prevent them from refining their intellectual abilities and moral sensibilities. D) The individual must not accept the idea that human existence is meaningless.

A) The Western world had overemphasized rationality and stifled the authentic passions that drive human activity and true creativity.

In 1923, which German politician called off passive resistance in the Ruhr and agreed in principle to pay reparations? A) Ludwig Wittgenstein. B) Gustav Stresemann. C) Adolf Hitler. D) Stanley Baldwin.

B) Gustav Stresemann.

Which battle was the decisive turning point in the clash between the Soviet Union and Germany? A) Leningrad. B) Stalingrad. C) Kiev. D) Moscow.

B) Stalingrad.

Gabriel Marcel found the answer to the postwar broken world in. . . A) Marxism. B) The Catholic Church. C) Socialism. D) Calvinist theology.

B) The Catholic Church.

Why were the Balkans considered the "powder keg of Europe"? A) Famine caused by Austro-Hungarian trade restrictions had left the region struggling for survival and furious at Austrian policies. B) The Ottoman Empire had been forced to give up its territory in the region, leading to growing ethnic nationalism. C) The region had failed to begin the process of modernization, leaving it backwards and extremely poor. D) Russia had destabilized the region by claiming control over the straits to the Black Sea.

B) The Ottoman Empire had been forced to give up its territory in the region, leading to growing ethnic nationalism.

How did the moderate Social Democrats in Germany put down the radical Communist Spartacist Uprising? A) They had the Catholic Church condemn the Communists and authorize parishioners to join in a revolt against them. B) They called for a labor strike against the Communists until their movement collapsed. C) They called on bands of demobilized soldiers called Free Corps to crush the uprising. D) They accused the Communists of being Russian spies and had them arrested on counterespionage charges.

C) They called on bands of demobilized soldiers called Free Corps to crush the uprising.

The parliamentary government in Italy was breaking down at the time of the Fascist march on Rome in October 1922, largely because of A) Mutinies in the Italian fleet. B) Mass unemployment. C) The general strike against the government declared by the Catholic Church. D) The violence perpetrated by Mussolini's own black-shirted militants.

D) The violence perpetrated by Mussolini's own black-shirted militants.

What did Germany's Auxiliary Service Law require? A) That unmarried women join the medical corps to help take care of wounded soldiers. B) That all men between seventeen and sixty work at jobs considered critical to the war effort. C) That soldiers who had served their draft requirement reenlist in the military after a three-month break if they were healthy and fit for battle. D) That colonial people serve in support roles in the German army.

B) That all men between seventeen and sixty work at jobs considered critical to the war effort.

How did the Nazis seek to legitimize their racial policies? A) They undertook massive genealogical research in order to demonstrate that different races derived from different ancestors. B) They provided vast funding to both Catholic and Protestant churches in order for those churches to promote a racialized understanding of Christianity. C) They sponsored studies of cultures in order to prove that certain cultures were intellectually superior to others and that German culture was superior to all. D) They established research institutes and academies that measured and defined racial differences in order to present prejudice in the guise of enlightened science.

D) They established research institutes and academies that measured and defined racial differences in order to present prejudice in the guise of enlightened science.

Who was the director of Triumph of the Will, a brilliant piece of cinematic propaganda based on the 1934 Nazi Party rally at Nuremberg? A) Leni Riefenstahl. B) Fritz Lang. C) Adolf Hitler. D) Sergei Eisenstein.

A) Leni Riefenstahl.

What was the February Revolution in Russia in 1917? A) A planned and coordinated Communist takeover of the government B) An unplanned uprising of hungry and angry people in the capital C) Originally a peasant rebellion that moved from the provinces to the cities D) A military coup in which the tsar was forced to abdicate in the midst of a mutiny

B) An unplanned uprising of hungry and angry people in the capital.

What characteristics did Communist and Fascist dictatorships share? A) Both viewed the Jewish people as the chief danger to historical progress for humanity. B) Both engaged in state-controlled social engineering projects meant to replace individualism with a unified "people." C) Both based their ideologies on the writings of Karl Marx. D) Both wanted to build a new national community grounded in racial homogeneity.

B) Both engaged in state-controlled social engineering projects meant to replace individualism with a unified "people."

In Stalin's Soviet Union, women. . . A) Were relegated to agricultural and domestic labor. B) Could enter the ranks of specialists in industry and science. C) Lost the right to vote. D) Shared family duties equally with men.

B) Could enter the ranks of specialists in industry and science.

In the twentieth century, what was John Maynard Keynes known for? A) He was avowedly hostile to Germany. B) He denounced the Treaty of Versailles for economic reasons. C) He advocated minimal government intervention in the economy. D) He broke new ground in the study of genetics.

B) He denounced the Treaty of Versailles for economic reasons.

What is the composer Arnold Schönberg known for? A) His composition of nationalistic German operas. B) His creation of twelve-tone music that abandoned traditional harmony and tonality. C) His use of pulsing dissonant rhythms in the ballet Rite of Spring. D) His composition of musical background for the first talkies.

B) His creation of twelve-tone music that abandoned traditional harmony and tonality.

What was the common effect of western-front offensives during the First World War? A) They won significant territorial gains. B) They caused the slaughter of massed infantry units. C) They failed on nearly every mission. D) They captured countless prisoners of war.

B) They caused the slaughter of massed infantry units.

As practiced in the 1930s, APPEASEMENT was. . . A) An American policy that favored isolation from European quarrels. B) A Soviet policy that emphasized the need to concentrate on internal matters like the five-year plan and ignore European issues. C) A British policy that aimed to give Hitler whatever he wanted in order to avoid war. D) A French policy that avoided any controversial foreign policy actions that might provoke a civil war in between Republicans and Fascists.

C) A British policy that aimed to give Hitler whatever he wanted in order to avoid war.

The American stock market crash of October 1929 was primarily the result of. . . A) Nationalist economic policies in Europe. B) The government's Keynesian economic policies. C) An imbalance between real investment and speculation. D) The failure of Germany to keep up reparations payments.

C) An imbalance between real investment and speculation.

Why was Britain more ready to conciliate Germany than France following the Versailles peace settlement? A) The British wanted a strong Germany as a bulwark against Bolshevism. B) The British feared the growth of French military power. C) British had depended heavily on the German market for their exports before World War I. D) The British and Germans shared a common cultural heritage.

C) British had depended heavily on the German market for their exports before World War I.

How did Henri-Philippe Pétain maintain order among French troops by late 1917? A) He adopted a practice of awarding divisions that performed well with time off away from the front. B) He promised a program of land redistribution after the war. C) He formed a tacit agreement with the troops that there would be no more grand offensives. D) He permitted troops to name their own commanders, who could countermand orders from headquarters.

C) He formed a tacit agreement with the troops that there would be no more grand offensives.

In the early twentieth century, the traditional arts and amusements of people in villages and small towns were overshadowed by. . . A) A market culture expressed in merchandise catalogs. B) Public schools and mass education programs. C) Modern mass media such as cinema and radio. D) The expansion of professional sports.

C) Modern mass media such as cinema and radio.

Lenin's New Economic Policy was a political compromise with. . . A) White counter-revolutionaries. B) Foreign capitalists. C) Russian peasants. D) Urban workers.

C) Russian peasants.

What was the Holocaust? A) The German policy of deliberately starving Soviet prisoners of war. B) The firebombing of German cities by American and British bombers. C) The systematic effort of the Nazi state to exterminate all European Jews during the Second World War. D) A scorched-earth policy adopted by the German army as it retreated from the Soviet Union after the defeat at Stalingrad.

C) The systematic effort of the Nazi state to exterminate all European Jews during the Second World War.

In twentieth-century literature, the stream-of-consciousness technique uses. . . A) A linear line of language without punctuation or capitalization. B) A series of visual images to express emotions. C) A series of disjointed references and observations for the reader to decipher. D) Internal monologues to explore the psyche.

D) Internal monologues to explore the psyche.

Why did the German military command recommence submarine warfare in the Atlantic despite knowing that it would lead the United States to enter the war against them? A) They believed that Britain would abandon its war effort once the power of the new German submarines was recognized. B) They believed that the United States had already decided secretly to enter the war and wanted to inflict as much damage as possible on Britain before U.S. troops arrived. C) They believed that the war was already lost and wanted to inflict as much damage as possible on Britain so that it would be weakened in its victory. D) They believed that improved submarines could starve Britain into submission before the United States could come to Britain's rescue.

D) They believed that improved submarines could starve Britain into submission before the United States could come to Britain's rescue.

Why did the Germans accept the Treaty of Versailles? A) They realized that some of the provisions would permit them to establish German authority toward the east. B) They believed it was the best agreement they would receive from the Allied Powers. C) They believed that neither France nor Great Britain would enforce the provisions of the treaty that Germany disliked. D) They had little alternative, especially as the naval blockade was still in place and the German people were starving.

D) They had little alternative, especially as the naval blockade was still in place and the German people were starving.

What problem was faced by most of the underground resistance groups who opposed the Nazis? A) They were not supported by the local populations, which feared reprisals from the German military. B) They had no ability to establish contact with Germany's enemies in order to coordinate their activities. C) They had little ability to organize in the face of constant pressure from the German secret police. D) They were not well unified, for they had differing political goals.

D) They were not well unified, for they had differing political goals.