Ch 25-32: 1930-Present

Watergate Scandal

A break-in at the Democratic National Committee offices in Washington that was carried out under the direction of White House employees. Disclosure of the White House involvement in the break-in and subsequent cover-up forced President Nixon to resign to avoid impeachment and vice Pres Ford then becomes pres. It is not known if Nixon knew about this before hand or not.

a. lasting damage to the image of the presidency

A sad legacy of Watergate was: Select one: a. lasting damage to the image of the presidency b. ongoing limits on press freedom c. a renewal of divisive partisan politics d. Congress's inability to pass needed legislation e. the weakening of the CIA's domestic operations

Levittown, NY

A suburb of New York designed by Bill Levitt using Taylorism concepts, mass produced houses, "Suburbia"

a. was the site of a free-speech movement (FSM)

In 1964, the University of California at Berkeley: Select one: a. was the site of a free-speech movement (FSM) b. remained racially segregated c. was shut down by anti-war protestors d. became the birthplace of the counterculture e. was the scene of a bloody confrontation between students and the National Guard

a. required that an accused person be informed of certain basic rights

In its controversial Miranda v. Arizona decision, the Warren Court: Select one: a. required that an accused person be informed of certain basic rights b. made abortion legal c. banned prayer in public schools d. protected job rights for homosexuals e. gave police more power to search without a warrant

a. the importance of gays "coming out"

In its earliest years, the gay rights movement especially emphasized: Select one: a. the importance of gays "coming out" b. the need for more funding for AIDS research c. the passage of hate-crimes legislation d. the push to legalize gay marriage e. getting recognition of gay contributions to American history

d. gradually reducing the number of American troops in Vietnam

Nixon's policy of "Vietnamization" involved: Select one: a. increasing the number of young men being drafted b. launching a U.S. invasion of North Vietnam c. establishing diplomatic and trade relations with North Vietnam d. gradually reducing the number of American troops in Vietnam e. working toward the reunification of North and South Vietnam

Blamed for depression even though he did not directly cause it but does believes in Laisse Faire

President Hoover

Vietnamization

President Richard Nixons strategy for ending U.S involvement in the vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawl of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces, after US leaves N. Vietnam takes over S. Vietnam so this strategy is not successful

Truman Doctrine

President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism, prevent them from joining SU, helps Turkey and Greece

Lyndon B. Johnson

President very involved in War on Poverty because he came from poor family

John F. Kennedy

President who is very involved in Civil Rights

Containment

Preventing spread of communism as much as possible, mostly during Cold War

e. revealed that the Johnson administration had deceived the public in regard to war policy

The Pentagon Papers a. revealed shocking waste in military spending b. were successfully suppressed from publication by the government c. put President Johnson's war policy in a more favorable light d. were the actual diary entries of Defense Secretary Robert McNamara e. revealed that the Johnson administration had deceived the public in regard to war policy

e. dramatically affected public support for Johnson's war policy

The Tet offensive of early 1968: Select one: a. was the American attempt to destroy the Ho Chi Minh Trail b. was a major victory for the Viet Cong c. resulted in Saigon's fall to the Communists d. inspired Johnson to dramatically raise troop levels in Vietnam e. dramatically affected public support for Johnson's war policy

c. was used by Johnson as a substitute for a declaration of war

The Tonkin Gulf resolution: Select one: a. was in response to a Viet Cong attack upon an American military base b. deeply divided Congress c. was used by Johnson as a substitute for a declaration of war d. authorized American naval aggression off the coast of North Vietnam e. led Johnson to de-escalate the Vietnam War

My Lai Massacre

The killing of Vietnamese civilians by American soldiers

a. deter another American-supported invasion of Cuba

The major purpose of the Soviet missiles placed in Cuba was to: Select one: a. deter another American-supported invasion of Cuba b. show hard-liners in the Soviet military that Khrushchev was sufficiently tough c. launch an attack upon the United States d. make Castro more dependent upon the Soviets e. get Kennedy to let the Soviets have West Berlin

a. the sit-in

The protest tactic initiated by black students in Greensboro, North Carolina, was: Select one: a. the sit-in b. the occupation of campus administration buildings c. the March on Washington d. street theater e. the freedom ride

a. Buddhists

The strongest and most visible opposition to Diem's government was led by: Select one: a. Buddhists b. Socialists c. Muslims d. American diplomats e. French-speaking Vietnamese elites

Iran-Contra Affair

This involved high officials in the Reagan administration secretly selling arms to Iran (in return for the release of Western hostages in the Middle East) and illegally using the proceeds to finance the Contra rebels in Nicaragua.

22nd Amendment

amendment that limits presidency to two terms

In early 1937, FDR proposed to reform the Supreme Court by: Select one: a. requiring justices to retire at age 70 b. adding up to six additional members c. removing justices appointed by previous presidents d. making justices regularly run for election e. requiring Senate confirmation hearings

b. adding up to six additional members

The main purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps was to: Select one: a. train young men for the Army Corps of Engineers b. provide work relief for young men c. give young women an opportunity to earn money for higher education d. promote conservation practices by the general public e. build environmental education projects at the first national parks

b. provide work relief for young men

the Scottsboro boys were Select one: a. bootleggers who controlled the flow of alcohol in Scottsboro, Alabama b. were a group of musicians who became famous during the Depression c. nine African Americans accused of raping two white women d. the Democratic party's choice for the Supreme Court positions

c. nine African Americans accused of raping two white women These two women are riding train illegally and get caught so they blame men for rape so they are not arrested

The 1939 Neutrality Act's cash-and-carry provision: Select one: a. permitted the United States to sell arms to Britain and France as long as they paid up-front and allowed American ships to deliver the purchase b. prohibited all arms exports, even to countries with cash who could carry them on their own ships c. was removed from the final bill due to isolationist opposition to permitting any trade with warring nations d. permitted the United States to sell arms to Britain and France if they paid up-front and carried their purchases on their own ships e. permitted all trade, except arms and munitions, with warring nations who paid and carried their own goods

d. permitted the United States to sell arms to Britain and France if they paid up-front and carried their purchases on their own ships

In 1940, the Battle of Britain: Select one: a. saw the British defeat a massive German land invasion of the British Isles b. was the single greatest defeat that Britain faced during World War II c. was mostly a propaganda war between Germany and Britain that saw little actual bloodshed d. saw the British turn back a massive German air attack and force Germany to postpone its invasion plans e. saw Winston Churchill earn distinction by shooting down fifty German fighters

d. saw the British turn back a massive German air attack and force Germany to postpone its invasion plans

Eleanor Roosevelt: Select one: a. primarily played the role of White House hostess b. had more influence than her husband in shaping New Deal policies c. was an official member of FDR's cabinet d. was especially supportive of women, blacks, and youth e. became most famous for her "fireside chats"

d. was especially supportive of women, blacks, and youth She encouraged FDR to include women, Francis Perkins was the first women in the cabinet, huge supported of civil rights before civil rights movement

Which of the following statements about the 1940 presidential election is true? Select one: a. Franklin Roosevelt named a Republican as his vice-presidential running mate in the name of national unity. b. Franklin Roosevelt became the first sitting president to lose a reelection bid in the midst of a national crisis. c. Republican Thomas Dewey defeated Franklin Roosevelt in a landslide. d. Franklin Roosevelt followed precedent and declined to run for a third term. e. Franklin Roosevelt became the only president to run for and win a third term.

e. Franklin Roosevelt became the only president to run for and win a third term. (Only pres to do so)

Hoover's early efforts to end the Depression included: Select one: a. cutbacks in public works, to shore up the public treasury b. a stricter credit policy by the Federal Reserve, to stop the flow of "easy money" available for speculation c. an increase in aid to farmers, to allow them to produce more d. extending federal loans to individuals e. asking businessmen to maintain wages and avoid layoffs, in order to keep purchasing power strong

e. asking businessmen to maintain wages and avoid layoffs, in order to keep purchasing power strong

At the outset of his presidency, to deal with the banking crisis, Roosevelt: Select one: a. pushed through a bank bailout bill worth more than $7 billion b. used his emergency powers to nationalize the banking industry c. put strict limits on the issuance of paper currency d. ordered the Federal Reserve Board to lower interest rates e. declared a bank holiday, shutting the banks down briefly

e. declared a bank holiday, shutting the banks down briefly FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) comes from this, if banks fails inspections they are taken over by other banks, if bank goes under you still get your money

The Neutrality Act of 1935: Select one: a. was directed against Japanese aggression in China b. allowed the U.S. Navy to stop and search German ships on the high seas c. permitted the United States to sell arms and munitions to warring nations to ensure the United States did not have to get involved d. stopped German and Italian military aid to Francisco Franco e. forbade the sale of arms and munitions to warring nations

e. forbade the sale of arms and munitions to warring nations

"War relocation camps": Select one: a. were the bases that housed American servicemen before being sent to the front lines b. were actually prisoner of war camps for captured Germans c. was the German euphemism for Nazi concentration camps d. helped the families of American servicemen cope with the absence of husbands and fathers e. housed over 120,000 Japanese Americans during the war

e. housed over 120,000 Japanese Americans during the war

All of the following were objectives of the Tennessee Valley Authority EXCEPT: Select one: a. the production of cheap electric power b. opening rivers to boats and barges c. flood control d. soil conservation and forestry e. the development of Smoky Mountain National Park

e. the development of Smoky Mountain National Park

SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative)

(Star wars) project launched by Reagan to deploy lasers in space that would destroy enemy missiles before they could reach their targets. Soviets give up because they believe we really have this technology but we do not

Woodstock Music Festival

1960s counterculture event, 400,000 young people came together for a weekend of music with a relative lack of hassles or conflict, symbolizes peaceful youth of the time

Cuban Missile Crisis

1962 crisis that arose between the United States (when JFK is Pres) and the Soviet Union over a Soviet attempt to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba Agreement is made that if SU removes missile bases in Cuba US will not try and invade Cuba again Almost WW3

Freedom Summer

1964 effort to register African American voters in Mississippi

Kennedy vs. Nixon

1st campaign televised, JFK is portrayed as young, energetic, put together, etc and Nixon is the opposite

Affirmative Action

A policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities

e. failed to secure collective bargaining rights for farm workers

All of the following are true of Cesar Chavez EXCEPT that he: Select one: a. used boycotts to pressure grape growers b. was founder and leader of the United Farm Workers c. as a young man, worked as a migrant laborer in farm fields d. was committed to nonviolent tactics e. failed to secure collective bargaining rights for farm workers

d. Americans were more determined than ever to spread democracy

All of the following were consequences of the Vietnam War EXCEPT: Select one: a. 58,000 Americans died b. Saigon fell to the Communists and became Ho Chi Minh City c. many young Americans questioned the value of military service d. Americans were more determined than ever to spread democracy e. deep divisions over foreign policy continued

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)

An organization of countries formed in 1961 to agree on a common policy for the production and sale of petroleum

Most costly naval battle in world history, Japan loose what they have left of their navy

Battle of Leyte Gulf

Prime Minister who becomes the socialist dictator of Italy, "Cult of Personality"

Benito Mussolini

b. explained the unhappiness of so many middle-class women

Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique: Select one: a. celebrated the cult of female domesticity b. explained the unhappiness of so many middle-class women c. told women how to better please their husbands d. painted an ideal portrait of suburban living e. argued that women should be paid high wages for housework

Veterans protest bc they were promise this for serving in WW1, Hoover puts pressure on congress to give them atleast some money but they do not so they build shanty towns in Washington DC and do not leave until Hoover sends military to force them out

Bonus Bill

e. black power

By 1966, black leaders like Stokely Carmichael and H. Rap Brown were proponents of what they termed: Select one: a. passive nonviolence b. black communism c. massive integration d. black capitalism e. black power

b. had become the country's largest minority

By 2015, Hispanics: Select one: a. still rarely voted b. had become the country's largest minority c. had attained equality with whites in average income levels d. launched their own political party e. no longer desired to speak Spanish

S.U. takes down Berlin, Germany

Causes the collapse of Nazi Germany in WWII

b. removed quotas based upon national origin

Changes in immigration law in 1965: Select one: a. favored immigration from Europe as compared to other parts of the world b. removed quotas based upon national origin c. removed annual limits on how many could enter the United States d. decreased foreign immigration e. were designed to increase American access to cheap labor

Malcom X (Malcom Little)

Changes last name, converts to National of Islam but then separates, very radical & anti white, assassinated by nation of islam member

Betty Friedan

College educated, wrote The Feminine Mystic, co-founded NOW (National Organization of Women)

FDR is Acused of "Stacking Court"

Court Packing Plan

Proposed 60 year retirement w/ $200 pension, must spend $, can't save in order to keep $ in circulation, this is the basis of social security

Dr. F Townssend

Desegregation of Little Rock

Eisenhower sends federal troops to escort new black students into newly desegregated schools for their protection

The Big Three

FDR-U.S. Winston Churchill-GB Joseph Stalin-SU

Form of socialism under a dictatorship

Fascism

c. pardoned Nixon

Gerald Ford suffered terrible political damage when he: Select one: a. continued Nixon's economic policies b. vetoed the War Powers Act c. pardoned Nixon d. sent Americans back into Vietnam e. failed to achieve peace in the Middle East

Go after people who might have communist ties or be communist spies

House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

Montgomery Bus Boycott

In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal.

d. erecting the Berlin Wall

In 1961, Khrushchev escalated tensions over Berlin by: Select one: a. imposing another Soviet blockade of West Berlin b. sending spy planes over West Germany c. putting nuclear missiles in East Berlin d. erecting the Berlin Wall e. walking out of a summit conference in Vienna

a. Birmingham, Alabama

In what city did Mayor Connor order police to unleash their dogs and clubs on civil rights demonstrators? Select one: a. Birmingham, Alabama b. New Orleans, Louisiana c. Memphis. Tennessee d. Charlotte, North Carolina e. Houston, Texas

Three countries with fascist regime

Italy, Germany, Spain

e. genuinely cared about the disadvantaged in society

Kennedy's successor as president, Lyndon Johnson: Select one: a. had a humble and modest character b. was a fairly typical southern conservative c. may have been involved in the assassination d. like Kennedy, had been born into wealth and privilege e. genuinely cared about the disadvantaged in society

Ngo Dinh Diem

Leader of South Vietnam, Supported by US at first, Claims to be anti-communist but then becomes dictator, does not allow elections, later kidnapped by US CIA

US Army commander, from New Guinea, wants to liberate/save Philippines

MacArthur

a. said blacks should be proud of their African heritage

Malcolm X: Select one: a. said blacks should be proud of their African heritage b. was killed by a white racist during a speech in Harlem c. headed the Black Panthers d. supported the nonviolent tactics of Martin Luther King Jr. e. was a militant black Christian

Atomic bomb project in western America, kept a huge secret, Vice pres Truman does not know about this until he becomes pres after FDR passes away, Truman bombs Hiroshima & Nagasaki

Manhattan Project

Alcatraz Island

Native Americans take control of this island to prove a point to US Gov in attempt to earn more rights

Sit-ins, freedom rides

New forms of non violent protests

Tet Offensive

New years attack on americans in south Vietnam, americans are able to defend themselves

Hiss Trial

Nixon accused Alger Hiss of being a communist. Hiss demanded the right to defend himself and met Nixon before the Un-American Activities Committee and denied everything. Found guilty for lying over oath

Cesar Chavez

Organized Union Farm Workers (UFW); help migratory farm workers gain better pay & working conditions

Increasing taxes on the rich

Soaking the Rich

President Truman

Takes over presidency, defeats Dewey in 1948 election, desegregates military, pro-civil rights

Reaganomics/Supply Side Economics

Tax cuts for wealthy and big corporations so they will spend more money in U.S./bring their businesses production back to . U.S. instead of overseas for money to trickle down to improve economy, somewhat effective

b. was thoroughly bungled by the CIA

The Bay of Pigs invasion: Select one: a. was Kennedy's original idea b. was thoroughly bungled by the CIA c. proved Kennedy's competence in foreign policy d. weakened the Castro regime e. inspired the United States and the Soviet Union to improve relations

d. brought the United States and the Soviet Union close to nuclear war

The Cuban missile crisis: Select one: a. led to a U.S.-backed invasion of Cuba b. showed Kennedy's tendency to back down in a tense confrontation c. ended the cold war d. brought the United States and the Soviet Union close to nuclear war e. saw the United States destroy some missile sites with surgical air strikes

Jackie Robinson

The first African American player in the major league of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans.

United Nations

US, GB, France, China, USSR (any member of council has right to veto)

Controls resources needed for war through gov contracts (rubber for war vehicles)

War Production Board

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Western Europe, US, Canada

TET offensive MLK assassinated Robert Kennedy assassinated

What were the traumatic events of 1968?

b. stood aside

When Alabama governor George Wallace was ordered by federal marshals to stand aside from the doorway at the University of Alabama so that black students could enter, Wallace: Select one: a. provoked a riot b. stood aside c. got himself arrested d. unleashed a torrent of racist language e. refused to budge

The goal of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was to raise farm income mainly through: Select one: a. cutbacks in production b. intensive farming c. a government takeover of the commodity trade in Chicago d. state and federal subsidies e. marketing quotas

a. cutbacks in production Farmers are subsidized to produce less than they normally would based on supply and demand of market, this ends up hurting tenant farmers and sharcroppers bc they will lose jobs but helps landowners

Huey Long: Select one: a. developed a program called the Share-the-Wealth Society b. founded the National Union for Social Justice c. challenged FDR for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1936 d. complained that the New Deal had gone too far by infringing on "the rights of persons and property" e. called Social Security a "socialistic share-the-wealth program"

a. developed a program called the Share-the-Wealth Society 100% tax on any income over $100,000

During the summer of 1941, the United States attempted to restrain Japanese expansion by: Select one: a. restricting oil exports to Japan and freezing Japanese assets in the United States b. ordering the strategic bombing of Japanese military sites c. sending 200,000 troops to China and stationing a large naval force in the South Pacific d. establishing a protectorate over China e. declaring a naval blockade of Japan Feedback

a. restricting oil exports to Japan and freezing Japanese assets in the United States

Franklin D. Roosevelt: Select one: a. was born into a family of sharecroppers b. was twice elected governor of Georgia c. was permanently disabled after contracting polio d. supported the continuation of Prohibition e. was a graduate of the Naval Academy

c. was permanently disabled after contracting polio

Marshall Plan

created by Secretary of State George Marshall, a plan for aiding the European nations in economic recovery after World War II in order to stabilize and rebuild their countries and prevent the spread of communism

What did the governments of Italy and Germany have in common by the 1930s? Select one: a. Both had established communist forms of government. b. Both had thriving liberal democracies. c. Both had strong monarchies. d. Both had established fascist forms of government. e. Both went to war with the United States.

d. Both had established fascist forms of government.

Following the Pearl Harbor attack: Select one: a. American isolationism increased b. a congressional resolution for war passed unanimously c. the United States avoided involvement in the European conflict d. Germany and Italy also declared war on the United States e. Franklin Roosevelt resigned the presidency

d. Germany and Italy also declared war on the United States

Germany's invasion of what country triggered the beginning of World War II in Europe? Select one: a. Czechoslovakia b. the Soviet Union c. Britain d. Poland e. Austria

d. Poland

The bracero program: Select one: a. led to the forced evacuation of over 100,000 Japanese Americans b. was a reaction to the Zoot Suit Riots c. allowed most recent immigrants to join the American armed services after a thorough background check d. sought to mobilize Indian reservations in support of the American war effort e. brought some 200,000 Mexican farmworkers into the western United States

e. brought some 200,000 Mexican farmworkers into the western United States

Bay of Pigs Invasion

failed invasion of Cuba in 1961 when a force of 1,200 Cuban exiles, backed by the United States, landed at the Bay of Pigs, attempt to overthrow Castro

Immigration Act of 1965

immigration quotas are down away with when Lyndon B Johnson is pres

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

investigated Communist influence inside and outside the U.S. government after WWII.

Roe v. Wade

legalized abortion during first trimester on the basis of a woman's right to privacy

GI Bill for Veterans

medical expenses, college education, own home w/o down payments, made more available to whites than blacks

Brown v. Board of Education

overturned Separate but Equal segregation in education