ch 25 key terms apush

WCTU

(Women's Christian Temperance Union) group organized in 1874 that worked to ban the sale of liquor in the U.S.

Nativism

(philosophy) the philosophical theory that some ideas are innate

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

1884; sequel to Tom Sawyer; considered Twain's masterpiece; main character is Huck; Huck runs away from his father by rafting down the Mississippi River with a slave, Jim; shows the reader what creulty men and women are capable of;

Principles of Psychology

1890, considered to be the first modern psychology textbook by William James

World's Columbian Exposition

1893; World's Fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World

American Red Cross

A disaster relief organization founded in Washington, D.C. on May 21, 1881 by Clara Barton to aid US military and conduct peace time relief work.

Johns Hopkins University

A private university which emphasized pure research. It's entrance requirements were unusually strict -- applicants needed to have already earned a college degree elsewhere in order to enroll.

Talented tenth

According to W. E. B. DuBois, the ten percent of the black population that had the talent to bring respect and equality to all blacks

"Form Follows Function"

An author will mold the formal elements of work in such a way that they serve his purposes for the artistic work as a whole

American Protective Association

An organization created by nativists in 1887 that campaigned for laws to restrict immigration

Little Poland/Little Italy

Between 1860 and 1880, 68,500 Italians moved to New York. By 1920, 391,000 Italians lived in the city. Hometown loyalties divided Little Italy into regionally-specific neighborhoods. The Northern Italians settled along Bleeker Street while the Geonese claimed Baxter Street. Those from Western Sicily grouped themselves together along Elizabeth Street.

Tuskegee Institute

Booker T. Washington built this school to educate black students on learning how to support themselves and prosper

Women and Economics

Charlotte Perkins Gilman's book urging women to enter the work force and advocating cooperative kitchens and child care centers

Dime novels

Cheaply bound and widely circulated novels that became popular after the Civil War depicting such scenarios from the "Wild West" and other American tales.

Macy's/Marshall Field's

Department stores that attracted urban middle class shoppers and provided urban working class jobs, many of them for women; Macy's in New york, Marshall fields in Chicago; Macy's showed consumerism and class divisions.

Liberal Protestantism

Go to church but don't necessarily believe in miracles or truth in history of biblical stories.-God of Judgment...sins are mistakes.

Dumbbell tenement

Houses that poor people lived in, located in cities Showed some atrocities of American industrial life.

Howard University

Howard University, at Washington, D.C.; coeducational; with federal support. It was founded in 1867 by Gen. Oliver O. Howard of the Freedmen's Bureau, to provide education for newly emancipated slaves

Hebrew Schools

In 1882, Ben-Yehuda taught in a Hebrew school to exemplify the policies.the necessity of using Hebrew in the school, because, for the first time, children from several different Jewish communities would be studying in the same classroom, and they had no other common language which could be used.

Sears/Montgomery Ward

Large mail-order companies used improved rail system to ship everything from hats to houses ordered from their thick catalogs known as the "wish book."

America Letters

Letters from immigrants in the United States to friends and relatives in the old country, which spurred further immigration.

"City Beautiful" movement

Movement in environmental design that drew directly from the beaux arts school. Architects from this movement strove to impart order on hectic, industrial centers by creating urban spaces that conveyed a sense of morality and civic pride, which many feared was absent from the frenzied new industrial world.

Social gospel

Movement led by Washington Gladden - taught religion and human dignity would help the middle class over come problems of industrialization

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to work for racial equality

Anti- Saloon League

National organization set up in 1895 to work for prohibition. Later joined with the WCTU to publicize the effects of drinking.

Chautauqua Movement

One of the first adult education programs. Started in 1874 as a summer training program for Sunday School teachers, it developed into a travelling lecture series and adult summer school which traversed the country providing religious and secular education though lectures and classes.

The Nation

One of the first classic full-length "moving-pictures," it glorified the KKK and defamed blacks and carpetbaggers.

Lyrics of Lowly Life

Paul Laurence Dunbar wrote this novel

Hull House

Settlement home designed as a welfare agency for needy families. It provided social and educational opportunities for working class people in the neighborhood as well as improving some of the conditions caused by poverty.

Ben Hur

Spectacular movie starring Charlton Heston. It was set around the time of Christ.

The Education of Henry Adams

The autobiography of a member of the presidential Adams family of New England. Adams mingles a partial story of his life with an indictment of his educations and reflections on the fundamental ideas of modern time and of the Middle Ages.

New Immigration

The second major wave of immigration to the U.S.; betwen 1865-1910, 25 million new immigrants arrived. Unlike earlier immigration, which had come primarily from Western and Northern Europe, the New Immigrants came mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe, fleeing persecution and poverty. Language barriers and cultural differences produced mistrust by Americans.

Sister Carrie

Theodore Dreiser's novel; single woman who moved to city and worked in shoe factory but then turned to prostitution due to poverty

Progress and Poverty

Written by Henry George, critical of entreprenuers, after studying poverty in America, determined that rich didn't pay fair share of taxes and proposed "Single Tax" on incremental value of land

YMCA

Young Men's Christian Association, Spiritual organization meant to provide healthy activities for young workers in the cities.

Salvation Army

a charitable and religious organization to evangelize and to care for the poor and homeless

Settlement House

a house where immigrants came to live upon entering the U.S. At Settlement Houses, instruction was given in English and how to get a job, among other things. The first Settlement House was the Hull House, which was opened by Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889. These centers were usually run by educated middle class women. The houses became centers for reform in the women's and labor movements.

The Red Badge of Courage

a naive young man (Henry Fleming) matures as a result of fighting in the Civil War

Natural Selection

a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment

Atlantic Monthly

a newspaper written by Henry Demarest Lloyd

Evolution

a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)

Single tax

a system of taxation in which a tax is levied on a single commodity (usually land)

Megalopolis

a very large urban complex (usually involving several cities and towns)

On The Origin of Species

book written by Charles Darwin that set forth the theory that higher life forms had evolved trhough random mutation and adaptation

Looking Backward

book written by edward bellamy; described experience of a young bostonian who slept in 1887 and woke up in 2000 to find the social order changed, large trusts that had grown grew and combined to create one big one that would distribute the wealth among everyone and eliminate class divisions-called it nationalism

New Morality

came forth during the 1920s, turning people away from traditional values. Glorified weath and personal freedom.

National Consumers League

formed in the 1890's under the leadership of Florence Kelly, attempted to mobilize the power of women as consumers to force retailers and manufacturing to improve wages and working conditions.

Birds of passage

immigrants who arrived between 1820-1900 who evetually returned to their country of origin

Comstock Law

is a United States federal law which made it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, and/or lascivious" materials through the mail, including contraceptive devices and information

Literary Realism

literature reflecting real life, rather, than imaginary or idealistic life.

Morrill Act

of 1862, in this act, the federal government had donated public land to the states for the establishment of college; as a result 69 land- grant institutions were established.

Christian Science

religious system based on teachings of Mary Baker Eddy emphasizing spiritual healing

Yellow journalism

sensationalist journalism

Henry Street Settlement House

started by Lillian Wald in 1895 which pioneered public health nursing.

Normal Schools

state colleges established for the training of teachers

Land-grant colleges

state educational institutions built with the benefit of federally donated lands

"Richardsonian"

style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after architect Henry Hobson Richardson, whose masterpiece is Trinity Church, Boston

Pragmatism

the attribute of accepting the facts of life and favoring practicality and literal truth

Fundamentalism

the interpretation of every word in the sacred texts as literal truth