Ch. 27 HW

Which of the following statements about flagellar structure is TRUE? A. The basal body is a short curved segment B. The hook anchors the flagellum in the cell membrane, the basal body is a short curved segment, and the filament extends out of the cell C. The hook anchors the flagellum in the cell membrane and the basal body is a short curved segment D. The filament extends out of the cell

D. The filament extends out of the cell

A prokaryotic metabolism that uses inorganic compounds as an energy source to synthesize organic molecules is found in

chemoautotrophs

A prokaryotic metabolism that uses organic compounds for energy and as a carbon source is found in

chemoheterotrophs

The cellular shape of -- bacteria facilitates a high surface area-to-volume ratio, allowing more efficient exchange of materials with the environment than other shapes

cocci

The common mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer include

conjugation, transduction, quorum sensing, and transformation

The separation of DNA from the rest of the cell is achieved by -- in some bacteria species

nucleus-like bodies

After performing a gram stain of a mixed culture of gram (+) and gram (-) cells, you realize you forgot the iodine. What would you expect to see if you observed the slide under the microscope?

pink gram (+) and pink (-) cells

DNA amplification in the lab is facilitated by the bacterial production of DNA

polymerase

Place the characteristic into the appropriate category of cell wall type: gram (+)

- acidic polysaccharides on surface - appears purple when stained - thick peptidoglycan layer - sensitive to penicillin

Place the characteristic into the appropriate category for archaea

- extreme environments - related to eukarya - ether linked cell membranes - histones in DNA

Place the characteristic into the appropriate category for bacteria

- form symbiotic relationships with eukaryotes - some are photosynthetic - ester linked cell membranes - no histones in DNA

Place the characteristic into the appropriate category of cell wall type: gram (-)

- outer lipopolysaccharide layer - appears pink when stained - thin peptidoglycan layer - resists penicillin

The domain Eukarya shares a most recent common ancestor with the domain

Archaea

Determine which statement best describes the optimal temperature for bacterial growth and survival

Bacteria can survive in a larger range of temperatures than they can grow

One characteristic shared by bacteria and -- is the presence of ester bonds in their membrane lipids

Eukarya

Listeriosis is a bacterial infection caused by the genus Listeria. It leads to blood infections and meningitis, and causes death in about 20% of infected people. It is particularly dangerous for children, the elderly, pregnant women, and those with compromised immune systems. In pregnant women, listeriosis often leads to miscarriage or stillbirth. Listeria is capable of surviving and growing at temperatures slightly above freezing, and is often found in non-pasteurized dairy products. How is Listeria different from many other types of bacteria?

Listeria is capable of growing at cold temperatures

Bacteria are used by the pharmaceutical industries to produce

antibiotics

Above 100 C (212 F) most bacteria

are destroyed

In agriculture, -- from bacteria is used to control plant pests

bt toxin

The bacterial flagellum moves

by rotation that is powered by the proton motive force

The Gram stain of a bacterial cell is based on the chemical properties of its

cell wall

The proper sequence of reagents in the gram stain procedure is

crystal violet, iodine, ethanol, safranin

The maintenance of plastids within eukaryotic cells was facilitated by horizontal gene transfer following

endosymbiosis

Rhodobacter spheroides has the ability to swim quickly through water toward light, which is necessary for photosynthesis. This type of directional movement is a characteristic of

flagella

Many aquatic photosynthetic bacteria possess --, which allow them to access the maximum amount of light near the water's surface

gas vesicles

Many antibiotics work by preventing the proper synthesis of the peptidoglycan cell wall. These antibiotics are most likely to be effective against what types of bacteria?

gram-positive bacteria

Milk producers use bacteria to produce -- for curdling milk

lactic acid

The ability to locate their ideal habitats using the Earth's magnetic field is conferred to some species by

magnetosomes

Archaea and -- are often grouped together because they have a prokaryotic structure, even though this group is not

monophyletic

Organisms called -- use light for energy and CO2 as a carbon source

photoautotrophs

Organisms called -- use light as an energy source but cannot synthesize their own organic compounds

photoheterotrophs

Cyanobacteria differ from other prokaryotes because they carry out -- and generate oxygen

photosynthesis

Which category of organisms is responsible for synthesizing the world's supply of organic carbon?

producers

Which of the following is involved in gliding motility in bacteria?

specialized cell-surface proteins and slimy polysaccharides

At freezing temperatures, most bacteria

stop growing, but are not dead

The main environmental factors that affect microorganism growth include chemical inhibitors, oxygen, pH, nutrients, moisture, and

temperature

Which statement best explains nitrogen fixation carried out by prokaryotes?

the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia