Ch 3-5 HW

uracil

DNA contains the nucleotide thymine, but RNA uniquely contains ________, which is complementary to adenine.

mitochondria.

Synthesis of most ATP takes place in the

reticular

The ________ layer of the skin contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin.

solute molecules

The concentration of ________ determines the osmotic pressure of a solution.

cytokinesis

The cytoplasmic division that forms two daughter cells is called

amnion.

The extraembryonic membrane that contains fluid that surrounds and cushions the developing embryo and fetus is known as the

phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates

The three major types of organic molecules making up the plasma membrane are

epithelial

The tissue type in the body that lines internal passageways is ________ tissue.

pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

The type of epithelium with multiple cell types where the distance between cell nuclei and the exposed surface varies is

smooth

The type(s) of muscle cell that has/have the ability to divide, and regenerate after injury, is/are ________ muscle(s).

stratified squamous

A commonly performed exfoliative cytology procedure is a Pap test for cervical cancer. The test involves scraping a small number of epithelial cells from the tip of cervix, which has the same type of epithelial tissue as the vagina. What kind of epithelial cells are being collected during a Pap test?

whether the cavity is open to the exterior or not

A difference between mucous membranes and serous membranes is

keloid

A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a(n) ________.

regulating body temperature.

Functions of the skin include

Stratum basale

In which of the epidermal layers are the cells undergoing mitosis?

supporting cells around the neurons

Neuroglial cells are

diffusion.

Opening a bottle of perfume releases perfume molecules from the container, and within a few minutes the perfume can be smelled by a person many feet away from the bottle. This illustrates

cytosol

Part complete What is the fluid inside the cell called?

Fibrocartilage has a denser network of collagen fibers and very little ground substance in the matrix as compared to hyaline cartilage.

Several complex joints, including the knee, contain both hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage. What is the difference between these two kinds of cartilage?

oxygen

Several inheritable mitochondrial disorders are the result of defective enzymes that reduce the efficiency of ATP production. The process of mitochondrial energy production is known as aerobic metabolism because it consumes what?

lining blood vessels.

Simple squamous epithelium would be found

corona radiata

The cells that surround the egg, are known as

3,4,1,2

The following events are part of the skin repair process. In which order do they occur? Phagocytosis of pathogens and debris Formation of scar tissue Inflammatory response Formation of scab

apocrine

The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands.

blastocoele

The hollow cavity within the blastocyst is the ________.

mitochondria.

The job of a sperm cell, or spermatozoan, is to get to the egg as soon as possible and fertilize it. Sperm cells would be expected to have a lot of

stratum corneum.

The layer of the epidermis at the exposed surface is the

hypodermis.

The loose connective tissue that separates the integument from deeper tissues and organs is called the

AUC.

The mRNA sequence that is complementary to the sequence UAG on a tRNA is

serous

The membrane lining the peritoneal cavity is an example of what type of membrane?

first

The period of gestation when the basic components of each of the major organ systems appear is the ________ trimester(s).

microtubules.

The primary components of the cytoskeleton are

regeneration

The process of tissue repair where damaged tissue is replaced or repaired to restore normal function is called

exocytosis.

The release of intracellular materials by a vesicle at the cell surface is called

gap junction

To form an effective barrier that protects underlying tissues, the epithelial cells of the skin must hold onto one another and also be connected to the rest of the body. They do this with specialized cell junctions known as desmosomes and hemidesmosomes (as you saw in Chapter 4: The Tissue Level of Organization). Desmosomes lock together the plasma membranes of epithelial cells, forming the different strata of the epidermis. Hemidesmosomes firmly attach the deepest cells of the stratum basale to the extracellular basement membrane. What kind of specialized cell junction permits the free diffusion of ions and small molecules between two cells?

nucleus.

Transcription occurs in the

intracellular removal of damaged organelles or pathogens

What is the function of the lysosomes

differentiation.

When genes are switched off to allow a cell to restrict or specialize its functions, the process is called

goose bumps

When the arrector pili muscle is stimulated, it pulls on the hair follicle, causing __________.

Muscle cells contain actin and myosin filaments.

Which feature is true for muscle tissue?

microvilli

Which of the following are small, finger-shaped projections of the plasma membrane that increase surface area?

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Which of the following functions in the synthesis of secretory products, as well as intracellular storage and transport?

endoderm: parts of the integumentary system

Which of the following germ layers of the developing embryo does NOT match its contributions?

melanin

Which of the following is a red-yellow or brown-black pigment produced in the epidermis?

facilitated diffusion

Which of the following processes does NOT require ATP?

Nucleolus

the component of the nucleus in which rRNA synthesis and the assembly of ribosomal subunits occur.

ATP

the main function of the mitochondria is to produce

second-degree burn

Burns are relatively common injuries that result from skin exposure to heat, friction, radiation, electrical shock, or strong chemical agents. When evaluating burns in a clinical setting, two key factors must be determined: the depth of the burn and the percentage of skin surface area that has been burned. What kind of burn is characterized by blistering?

fibrin

During skin repair, most of the scab consists of an insoluble network of ________, a protein that forms from blood proteins during the clotting response.

S

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA copied?

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale, dermal papillae

Identify the order of layers that a piece of glass would puncture as it passes through the skin on the palm of the hand.

prophase

Identify the phase of cell division in which the nuclear envelope disappears and the chromatids become attached to the spindle fibers.

hair follicle

On average, we lose about 50 hairs from the head each day, but several factors may affect this rate. Sustained losses of over 100 hairs per day generally indicate a net loss of hair. Temporary increases in hair loss can result from drugs (including chemotherapeutic agents), radiation, dietary factors, high fever, stress, or hormonal factors related to pregnancy. What structure produces hair?

ultraviolet radiation

Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from ________.

apoptosis.

As a result of cell damage, or in the event that a cell converts into a cancer cell, the immune system may set a chain of events in motion that cause the cell to kill itself. This is called

2, 5, 4, 1, 3

Choose the correct order of the cell layers, or strata, in a section of thick skin, from the basement membrane toward the free surface (deep to superficial). 1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum basale 3. stratum corneum 4. stratum granulosum 5. stratum spinosum

differentiation

Considering that humans begin as a single cell, what term describes the changes that have to occur for the many cell types found in tissues to form?

vitamin D3

Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight.

duct.

Exocrine secretions are discharged onto some external or internal body surface through a

smooth muscle

Which tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels, and in digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive organs?

simple columnar

Which type of epithelium lines the stomach and intestinal tract?

hypertonic

Which type of solution causes a red blood cell to shrivel and shrink?

There are no vital organs in the region.

Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle?

He has heat exhaustion, related to not being able to eliminate excess body heat.

Your 86-year-old grandfather and you have been out in the midday heat of summer (92 degrees F). Your grandfather becomes dizzy and thinks that he might faint. He also appears to be confused about what is going on. What conclusion can you draw from this scenario?

Histamine

________ release during inflammation causes increased blood vessel permeability.