Ch. 3 & 4 Nutrition

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach?

Bile

Which of the following substances has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water?

Blood

Which of the following statements is true?

The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake.

Which of the following statements is true?

The energy and nutrient contents of foods used in dietary analysis software are not necessarily exact values.

A group of 50 adult male humans were in a clinical study to determine how much niacin is toxic. During the first two weeks of the study, members of the group consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete, except it contained 24 mg niacin, which is 1.5 times the RDA for niacin (males). At that point in the study, all members reported feeling fine, and they could function normally. During the next week, they were given a formula that contained 48 mg niacin. Within a few days of consuming this formula, 90% of the participants reported feeling ill, and they complained of having upset stomachs and reddened facial skin. At that point, researchers gave the subjects a formula that contain 16 mg niacin. After a week of consuming the new formula, all participants reported feeling well again. Based on this information, the researchers concluded that the

UL for niacin was between 24 and 48 mg/day.

Kristan uses % DVs to help plan nutritious menus with various packaged foods. She should try to obtain at least 100% of the Daily Value for which of the following nutrients?

Vitamin C

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions?

Weight loss as a result of starvation.

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter

lacteals within the villi.

The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

large intestine

The brain and spinal cord are structures of the ____ system.

nervous

Jamie wants to eat more foods that are naturally high in phytochemicals and fiber. Based on this information, which of the following foods would you recommend?

Fresh fruits and vegetables

Which of the following statements about fruits and vegetables is false?

Fruit juices provide more fiber than whole fruit.

You are planning a party for a group of 22-year-old college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the Mormon religion. Which of the following beverages would be acceptable to everyone at the party?

Fruit punch made with orange juice, limes, and carbonated water.

You are planning a party for a group of college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the Jewish, Islamic, and Mormon religions. Which of the following menu items would be acceptable to everyone at the party?

Meatless bean dip

Which of the following statements is a health claim that FDA allows on a food package?

"Healthful diets with adequate folate may reduce a woman's risk of having a child with a brain or spinal cord defect."

Max wants to increase his intake of vitamin C without taking a dietary supplement. When he shops for food, he reads Nutrition Facts labels. Which of the following kinds of information will help him choose foods that are the richest sources of vitamin C?

%DVs

According to MyPlate, Chloe should consume 2½ cups of vegetables daily. She wants to substitute enough vegetable juice to equal 1 cup of raw vegetables. Based on this information, Chloe should drink ____ of the juice.

1 cup

According to MyPlate, Felicia should consume 3 cups of dairy products daily. How much cottage cheese should she eat to replace 1 cup of milk?

2 cups

According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy people should limit their sodium intake to ______ mg/day.

2300

You are planning a party for a group of college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the Jewish religion. Which of the following foods would be acceptable to everyone at the party?

A cheese ball made with cream cheese, grated cheddar cheese, and walnuts.

Which of the following statements is true?

A food cannot be labeled "organic" unless it meets certain government standards.

Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent all MyPlate food groups?

Salad made hard-cooked eggs, grapes, leaf lettuce, cooked pasta, and cheddar cheese

Which of the following topics is one of the overarching guidelines of the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines?

Shifting to healthier food and beverage choices

Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent three different MyPlate food groups?

Stir-fry made with chicken, broccoli, rice, green peas, and soy sauce

Phil wants to eat more foods that are sources of healthy fats. Based on this information, which of the following foods would you recommend?

Sunflower seeds

Which of the following statements is true?

The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.

Which of the following statements is true?

The traditional Mediterranean diet supplies more olive oil and fish than the traditional American diet.

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the

amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population.

Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he

avoid overeating during meals.

A primary function of the digestive system is the

breakdown of food into nutrients.

MyPlate

can be individualized to meet a person's food preferences.

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into

chylomicrons.

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is

circulation of blood throughout the body.

Dorothy is an 85-year-old woman who is having difficulty swallowing. Food seems to enter her stomach too slowly. Based on this information, Dorothy probably has a (an)

condition characterized by loss of peristaltic functioning.

In general, food guides do not group _____ with diary foods.

cream cheese

Bella is an omnivore, because she can

digest and absorb nutrients from a wide variety of sources.

The Exchange System allows you to

estimate your carbohydrate intake.

When using the MyPlate web site to plan your menus, it is not necessary to provide information about your

ethnic background.

Today, the only food Meghan ate was a casserole that contained 24 ounces of lemon-flavored yogurt, 16 ounces of cooked turkey, and 10 ounces of cooked noodles. According to MyPlate, she ate nothing from the food group that includes

fruit

Food guides usually classify _____ with oils.

green olives

Amanda is a three-year-old who has a condition that is characterized by the inability of her pancreas to produce cholecystokinin. Based on this information, she

has difficulty digesting food.

Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Bernetta

has trouble swallowing.

A(n) _____ is an atom or a group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.

ion

The _____ is the second segment of the small intestine.

jejunum

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and

learning ways to manage stress effectively.

A substance has a pH that is lower than the pH of pure water but higher than the pH of gastric juice. Based on this information, the substance is

lemon juice

According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, adults should limit their intake of added sugars to

less than 10% of daily calories.

Coretta has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce her likelihood of developing heartburn, her physician recommended that she

lose excess body fat.

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness.

lose weight rapidly

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should

not worry, because she is not constipated.

An _____ is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions.

organ

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing

peptic ulcers.

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called

peristalsis.

Ramon was a participant in a clinical study to determine how much vitamin D is required by healthy humans. During the study, Ramon consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete, except it did not contain vitamin D. Within a few weeks, he developed signs and symptoms of vitamin D deficiency. At that point, researchers gave 5 mcg vitamin D to Ramon each day for a week, but his signs and symptoms of the deficiency remained. The next week, the scientists added 5 mcg vitamin D to his diet, so that his formula contained 10 mcg of the vitamin. By the end of that week, Ramon reported feeling much better. Based on this information, the researchers concluded that Ramon's

requirement for vitamin D is 10 mcg.

In chemistry class, Karl combines hydrochloric acid with a base called sodium hydroxide. This chemical reaction results in the formation of a

salt.

A team of scientists determines that the average healthy woman who is between 19 and 30 years of age needs 40 mg of a vitamin to prevent developing the vitamin's deficiency disorder. Based on this information, the

scientists can determine the RDA for the vitamin.

Today, Sean only ate three sandwiches made with whole-grain buns, 3 slices of cheese, and 10 ounces of roast beef. He also drank 3 cups of orange juice. According to MyPlate, he ate nothing from the food group that includes

vegetables.

Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has

xxx not colitis

Which of the following statements is true?

xxx not if you

A liquid has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of household ammonia. Based on this information, the liquid is

xxx not lemon

Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has

stones

Theodore is an 18-year-old college student who would like to improve his health by following a Mediterranean diet pattern instead of his current "Western" diet. Based on this information, he should

substitute legumes for cheeses.

When she sampled a spoonful of hot soup, Bekha burnt the tip of her tongue. During the 24 hours that followed the injury, Bekha had difficulty detecting foods that tasted

sweet

Which of the following statements is true?

xxx not nutrition

Which of the following statements is true?

xxx not olives

Which of the following statements is true?

xxx not the colon

The process of digesting food begins in the

mouth

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

villi

Which of the following statements is true?

xxx "carbo" or "People"

Derek wants to eat enough salad greens in one meal to equal 1 cup of vegetables. How much of the greens should he eat?

xxx not 1; 1.5;

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked. Based on this information, his

xxx not ability; hepatic

The ____ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.

xxx not atom; organelle

A substance has a pH that is higher than the pH of tomatoes and lower than the pH of blood. Based on this information, the substance is

xxx not baking; not egg

While baking, Max wants to use an ingredient that contains healthy fat in a recipe. Which of the following fats should he use?

Corn oil

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of anabolic chemical reactions?

Enlargement of muscle tissue after 3 weeks of regular exercise

Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea?

Epiglottis

You are planning a party for a group of 22-year-old college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the religion of Islam. Which of the following beverages would be acceptable to everyone at the party?

Iced punch made with fruit juices and carbonated water.

Which of the following statements is true?

In some regions of the United States, the traditional African-American diet may contain unhealthy amounts of fat and sodium.

Which of the following organs helps maintain the body's acid-base balance by removing excess hydrogen ions?

Kidneys

Which of the following statements is true?

Matter is comprised of atoms.

Which of the following statements is true?

Nutritional standards are often used to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets.

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

Pancreas

Which of the following statements is true?

People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement.

One day, Hillary consumed a handful of peanuts, a bowl of chocolate pudding, a sugar-sweetened soft drink, and three hard-cooked eggs. According to MyPlate, which of these foods is empty calories?

Soft drink

Which of the following statements is true?

The Exchange System can be used to estimate the carbohydrate content of foods.

The atoms of a compound, such as sugar, are held together by

chemical bonds.

According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines, _____ should be consumed in amounts that are as low as possible.

cholesterol

Chyme moves from the stomach into the

duodenum.

An _____ is an ion that can conduct electricity.

electrolyte

Iron, calcium, and carbon are

elements.

Hillary consumed 3 servings of an orange-flavored sugar-sweetened soft drink that provided 140 kcal/serving. According to MyPlate, these drinks should be classified as

empty calories.

Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep. Based on this information, he is likely to develop

gastroesophageal reflux disease.

In chemistry class, Karl combines hydrochloric acid with a base called sodium hydroxide. This chemical reaction results in the formation of a

salt

Some food guides classify dried beans and peas with

seeds and nuts.

Chyme is the

semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.