Ch. 3 Health Belief Model

What is the historical genesis of the health belief model?

-1950 by social psychologists: Godfrey Hochbaum, Stephen Kegals, and Irwin Rosenstock -Communities at risk of contracting TB -Low response for free, mobile TB screenings -4 to 6 constructs (self- efficacy and cues to action) -general principle: value expectancy

What are the limitations of the health belief model?

-Model lacks in consistent predictive power mainly because it focuses on limited number of factors (like cultural factors, socioeconomic status, previous experiences, etc.) -Cross- sectional data's failure to provide evidence of temporality (no evidence of time) - comparative studies few and lacking - Need to understand relative importance of constructs -Adding behavioral questions to see what responses are given

How can the construct of perceived barriers be modified?

-Reassure the education recipients that the behavior has minimal cost -Correct any misperceptions that education participants may have

Preventive (or health) behaviors

Actions taken by a healthy person for the purpose of preventing disease or detecting disease in an asymptomatic phase

Illness behaviors

Actions taken by a person who feels sick and indulges in the behavior for the purpose of defining the state of his or her health and for discovering suitable remedies

Sick- role behaviors

Actions taken for the purpose of getting well by people who are sick

Perceived barriers

Beliefs concerning the actual and imagined costs of following a new behavior

Perceived benefits

Beliefs in the advantages of the methods suggested for reducing the risk or seriousness of the disease or harmful state resulting from a particular behavior

How is self- efficacy built?

In four steps: 1. Breaking down the complex behavior into practical and double small steps 2. Using a demonstration from a credible role model 3. Using a persuasion and reassurance 4. Reducing stress

Differentiate between perceived severity and perceived susceptibility

Perceived susceptibility is the belief that you can catch the disease as for perceived severity is how bad/ negative/ serious can will the it be if I catch the disease.

Cues to action

Precipitating forces that make a person feel the need to take action

Perceived severity

Subjective belief in the extent of harm that can result from an acquired disease or harmful as a result of a particular disease

Perceived susceptibility

Subjective belief regarding a person's likelihood of acquiring a disease or reaching a harmful state as a result of indulging in a particular behavior

Perceived threat

The combination of perceived susceptibility and perceived severity

Self- efficacy

The confidence that a person has in his or her ability to pursue a behavior

Value expectancy theories

Theories that postulate that a behavior depends on the importance placed by an individual on an outcome (value) and the individual's estimate of the likelihood that a given action will result in that outcome (expectancy)

Health belief Model (HBM)

Theory designed to exclusively predict health behaviors based on the constructs of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived costs, cues to action, and self- efficacy