Ch 3 lesson 1 The Protestant Reformation

who was Charles V

a holy roman emperor who ruled the empire of Spain consisting of Spain and its colonies

who was martin luther?

a monk in the Catholic church and a professor at the university of Wittenberg in Germany. Luther later wanted to know about the certainty of salvation. In his opinion human beings were powerless in the sight of an almighty God and could never do enough good works to earn salvation.

what was the Mordern Devotion

a mystical movement that sought certainty of salvation and it downplayed church practices an stressed the need to follow the teachings of Jesus.

what was their rivalry about ?

about a number of disputed territories led to a series of wars that lasted more than 20 years

what were indulgences and what did people believe they would save them from and who sold them?

an indulgence was a document sold by the church and sign by the pope or another church official that released the bearer from all or part of the punishment for sin. The people believed that it would reduce time in purgatory by 1,443 years and believed it would save them. They were sold by the Church

what did the religious authorities primarily see the reformation as?

as a challenge to its power

why did Luther find offensive Johann Tetzel

because the church had authorized Teztel to sell indulgences to raise money to build St.Peters Basilica in Rome

Martin Luther

began the Protestant Reformation

what did Luther do after he began to move toward a more definite break with the Catholic Church

he called on the german princes to overthrow the papacy in Germany and establish a reformed German church

what did Luther come to believe?

he came to believe that human are not saved through their good works but through their faith in God. This idea was called justification by faith

what two sacraments did Luther keep and what did he chang e

he kept baptism and Eucharist, he called on the clergy to marry. He taught that it was through faith alone and not good works that justifies and brings salvation through Christ.

what did Luther do on October 31, 1517

he made his 95 theses and publishes them by posting them on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg and the theses were spread all over Germany

who did Luther marry?

he married a former nun by the name Katharina von Boren providing a model of married and family life for the new protestant ministers

what did erasmus want to do and what did he write?

he wanted to educate people in the works of Christianity and worked criticize the abuses in the Church. He wrote 'the praise of folly" and he also sought reform within the Catholic Church

what was Charles forced to do?

he was forced to make peace with the lutheran princes because they were all organized

what happen during the next few years of luthiers religious movement?

it became a revolution

what did Luthers doctrine later become?

it later became known as Lutheranism

who was the best known Christian humanist and what did he believe

it was Desiderius Erasmus and he believed that Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis, not just provide beliefs that might help them be saved and he also thought Catholic Church needed to return the simpler days of early Christianity and also thought that the external forms of medieval religion, such as pilgrimages, fasts, and relics, were not all that important.

Charles had a rivalry with which king?

king of france, francis 1

what did the pope do to Luther on January 1521

the pope excommunicated him, excluding him from Church membership and he also summoned him to appear before the imperial diet of the holy roman empire, the emperor believed that he could change luthiers ideas, but luther refused.

what was the major goal Christian humanism , and what did they believe and think?

their major goal was the reform of the Catholic Church. They believed in the ability of human beings to reason and improve themselves. They thought that if people read classics, and especially the fundamental teachings of Christianity in the Bible, they would become more sincerely religious.

what did people want while the leaders of the Church were failing to meet their responsibilities

they desired meaningful religious expression and assurance of their salvation

with what peace did the religious warfare in Germany come in?

with the peace of Augsburg and it formally accepted the division of christianity in Germany

were other people calling for reform ?

yes they would write popular songs and printed images from the era, as well as court records, show that oridinary people, humanists, and some church leaders were critical of the Church