Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization

Which of the following substances would enter a cell through the process of phagocytosis? Select all that apply. A : bacteria B : worn-out cells C : low-density lipoproteins D : viruses E : extracellular fluid

A : bacteria B : worn-out cells D : viruses

Which of the following cell shapes apply to red blood cells? A : disc shaped B : elongated C : flat D : star shaped E : columnar

A : disc shaped

Molecules tend to move across the plasma membrane _________. A : down their concentration gradients B : up their concentration gradients C : in unpredictable directions D : both up and down their concentration gradients equally

A : down their concentration gradients

How many times can a cell divide? A : it depends on the specific type of cell B : a person is born with all the cells they will ever have C : it depends on the cell's membrane composition D : there is no upper limit to the number of times

A : it depends on the specific type of cell

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of nerve cells? A : long cellular extensions B : concave cellular shape C : ability to contract and relax D : microvilli on the lumenal surface

A : long cellular extensions

Which of the following applies to interphase in the cell cycle? Select all that apply. A : longest stage of the cell cycle B : DNA replication C : cytokinesis D : nuclear division E : high metabolic activity

A : longest stage of the cell cycle B : DNA replication E : high metabolic activity

Which of the following would be found in the nucleus? Select all that apply. A : nucleolus B : DNA C : ribosomes D : cytosol E : chromatin F : rough endoplasmic reticulum

A : nucleolus B : DNA C : ribosomes E : chromatin

Which of the following can be found in the cytoplasm? Select all that apply. A : organelles B : nucleolus C : plasma membrane D : lysosomes E : cytoskeleton F : cytosol

A : organelles D : lysosomes E : cytoskeleton F : cytosol

What factors can increase the rate of diffusion across a permeable membrane? Select all that apply. A : smaller the mass of the molecule B : greater the diffusion distance C : large membrane surface area D : high temperatures E : reduced membrane surface area F : larger the mass of the molecule

A : smaller the mass of the molecule C : large membrane surface area D : high temperatures

Which of the following cells could be germ cells? Select all that apply. A : sperm B : oocyte C : hair cell D : neuron E : hepatocyte

A : sperm B : oocyte

Which of the following can contribute to the aging of cells? Select all that apply. A : telomeres B : autoimmune responses C : antioxidants D : free radicals E : high levels of stress

A : telomeres B : autoimmune responses D : free radicals E : high levels of stress

Comparing mitosis and meiosis, which of the following applies only to the process of meiosis? Select all that apply. A : occurs only in somatic cells B : includes two divisions C : produces haploid cells D : formation of tetrads E : produces two new cells F : produces cells that are genetically identical to the starting cell

B : includes two divisions C : produces haploid cells D : formation of tetrads

Which of the following applies to the plasma membrane of cells? Select all that apply. A : formation of an impermeable border surrounding the cytoplasm B : isolation of the internal cell environment from the external environment C : protection of DNA against carcinogens, such as UV light and radiation D : rigid support and structure for the cell E : selectively permeable F : described by the fluid mosaic model

B : isolation of the internal cell environment from the external environment E : selectively permeable F : described by the fluid mosaic model

Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding cytoskeleton structure? Select all that apply. A : intermediate filaments are composed of tubulin B : microtubules help to determine cell shape C : microfilaments are involved in movement D : intermediate filaments help to attach cells to one another E : microfilaments are assembled in the centrosome F : microfilaments are composed of actin and myosin

B : microtubules help to determine cell shape C : microfilaments are involved in movement D : intermediate filaments help to attach cells to one another F : microfilaments are composed of actin and myosin

Which of the following are components found in the cytoplasm? Select all that apply. A : cytosol B : plasma membrane C : lysosomes D : cytoskeleton E : genes

B : plasma membrane C : lysosomes D : cytoskeleton

What are the three main parts of a human cell? A : cytoplasm, cell wall, DNA B : plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus C : mitochondria, plasma membrane, chromatin D : cell wall, mitochondria, chromosomes

B : plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Which of the following applies to the apoptosis? Select all that apply. A : stimulates the inflammatory response B : regulates number of cells in a tissue C : eliminates cancer cells D : normal type of cell death E : results from tissue injury F : regulated through genes G : removes unneeded cells during fetal development

B : regulates number of cells in a tissue C : eliminates cancer cells D : normal type of cell death F : regulated through genes G : removes unneeded cells during fetal development

Which of the following applies to the nucleolus? Select all that apply. A : found in cells that produce large amounts of lipids B : site of rRNA synthesis C : not enclosed by a membrane D : spherical body found in the cytoplasm E : found in cells that produce large amounts of proteins

B : site of rRNA synthesis C : not enclosed by a membrane E : found in cells that produce large amounts of proteins

Cell shape is related to its function. The function of a cell with long extensions would be A : to narrow or widen a passage B : to conduct information over a great distance C : movement D : to increase surface area E : secretion

B : to conduct information over a great distance

The type of RNA that directs protein synthesis is ____________. A : small nuclear RNA B : transfer RNA C : messenger RNA D : ribosomal RNA

C : messenger RNA

Comparing transcription and translation, which of the following only applies to translation? Select all that apply. A : produces messenger RNA B : occurs in the nucleolus C : occurs in the cytoplasm D : carried out by ribosomes E : produces proteins

C : occurs in the cytoplasm D : carried out by ribosomes E : produces proteins

Which of the following applies to the process of active transport? Select all that apply. A : moves water down its concentration gradient B : does not require energy C : requires a carrier protein D : moves a substance against its concentration gradient E : requires energy F : moves a substance down its concentration gradient

C : requires a carrier protein D : moves a substance against its concentration gradient E : requires energy

Which molecule makes up the majority of the plasma membrane? A : protein B : glycoproteins C : cholesterol D : glycolipids E : phospholipids

E : phospholipids

The process of translation occurs in __________. A : ribosomes found in the nucleoli B : the Golgi complex C : the nucleus D : lysosomes E : ribosomes found in the cytoplasm

E : ribosomes found in the cytoplasm

The structure of the outer nuclear envelope closely resembles which organelle in a cell? A : mitochondrion B : golgi complex C : smooth endoplasmic reticulum D : lysosome E : rough endoplasmic reticulum

E : rough endoplasmic reticulum