Ch. 30

The _____ advanced the right of the Soviet Union to prevent any member of the Warsaw Pact from attempting to abandon socialism or the Soviet alliance.

"Brezhnev Doctrine"

One of the most damaging episodes of the Cold War in Latin America was the _____ (Guerra Sucia) carried out in Argentina against all suspected leftist guerrillas and sympathizers by a right-wing junta from 1976 to 1983.

"Dirty War"

The kidnapped victims of the Argentine Guerra Sucia came to be collectively known as the _____.

"Disappeared"

With the founding of the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966, ______, a new term came to define the feminist movement in the late 1960s.

"Women's Liberation"

Among China's modernization policies in the late 1970s was the mandatory _____, which was aimed at alleviating the nation's huge social, economic, and environmental problems.

"one-child policy"

China's "one-child" policy has likely contributed to its current demographic situation, with ______ male children born for every 100 females.

117

The massive "Tet" Offensive by Vietcong forces in February ________ may have contributed to President Johnson's decision not to seek another term.

1968

The peak of the global youth movement came in August ______ when the Woodstock Festival in New York State drew an estimated 300,000-500,000 attendees.

1969

Mikhail Gorbachev's perestroika resulted in:

A meager 5% of total production being devoted to market production.

Officially, the Soviet Union ended on Christmas Day, 1991, after:

A tense showdown between Boris Yeltsin's supporters and the troops sent to occupy the Russian parliament.

"Apartheid", meaning "apartness" in the ________ language, was instituted in South Africa in 1948.

Afrikaans

The climax of South Africa´s rigid racial social structure came with the institution of legal racial segregation in the form of _____ in 1948.

Apartheid

The fall of the infamous _____ took place on the night of November 9, 1989, and marked the symbolic end of East Germany's Communist regime.

Berlin Wall

After arduous negotiations, Mikhail Gorbachev agreed with President ________ and the other state presidents to a new federal union treaty for the Soviet Union in spring 1991.

Boris Yelstin

Since 1977, the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo have kept vigil in _______ for friends and relatives lost during the "Dirty War".

Buenos Aires

Salvador Allende, the president of _____, was deposed and murdered in a CIA-directed coup in 1973.

Chile

_____ detonated its first nuclear device in October 1964.

China

The Soviet Union ended officially on Christmas Day 1991 and was replaced by the _____, with a now democratic Russia under Boris Yeltsin at its center.

Commonwealth of Independent States

From 1966 until 1969, the _________ Revolution in China took as its talisman the "little red book" of Chairman Mao.

Cultural

Nikita Khrushchev was forced out of his position by the Soviet Politburo for all of the following reasons except:

Failing to secure the 1964 Olympic Games for Moscow.

Taking power shortly after the death of Chairman Mao in 1976, Deng Xiaoping implemented the ___________, the fundamental policies that remain in force in China to the present.

Four Modernizations

In Hungary, János Kádár presided over a form of "_____ communism", characterized by a relatively relaxed attitude toward criticism of the regime and by limited market reforms.

Goulash

In 2010, China surpassed _____ as the second largest economy in the world, after the United States.

Japan

The worldwide gay and lesbian liberation movement began in ___ 1969, with resistance to a police raid on the Stonewall Inn bar in New York City.

June

By the end of 1980, 80% of Poland's workers had joined a labor union called "Solidarity", founded by the electrician _________.

Lech Walesa

After Khrushchev was ousted from power by the Soviet Politburo, _______ rose in his place.

Lenoid Brezhnev

________, head of the People's Liberation Army in the 1960s, made the "little red book", or Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong, required reading for the troops.

Lin Biao

President _____ secured the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Lyndon B. Johnson

More than 1 million Biafrans were killed in a civil war within ______ during the late 1960s.

Nigeria

The 1954 Supreme Board ruling on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, overturned the previous _____, which had upheld the notion that "separate but equal" facilities were constitutional.

Plessy v. Ferguson ruling from 1896

Because he __________ in June 1989, Major General Xu Qinxian was court-martialed and imprisoned for four years.

Refused to follow orders to shoot civilians in Tiananmen Square

By the late 1960s, the United States and the Soviet Union had entered into a period of relations known as "détente", a French term meaning ________.

Release of tension

The only Eastern European country whose leader (and his wife) was executed when the regime fell in 1989 was _______.

Romania

The US Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that:

Segregation in education was inherently unequal.

The "Stinger" was a(n) _______, which the United States was clandestinely supplying to Afghan fighters in the attempt to expel Soviet occupying forces.

Shoulder-fired missile

The _____ was fought between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, and Syria in June 1967.

Six-Day War

Over Soviet protests, the United States began to develop its Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), nicknamed "______" after the popular movie of the same name.

Star Wars

The _____ (SDI), nicknamed "Star Wars", was an anti-ballistic missile defense system in outer space proposed by President Ronald Reagan in 1983.

Strategic Defense Initiative

The Soviet move against the "Prague Spring" in 1968 demonstrated what became known as the "Brezhnev Doctrine", namely:

That the Soviet Union would forcibly restrain any member country attempting to abandon socialism and the Soviet alliance.

The ascendancy of the pragmatic Deng Xiaoping to China's leadership brought about the 1978 announcement of _____, a set of policies which remain in place in China to this day.

The Four Modernizations

In 1964, Yasir Arafat and other Palestinian nationalists founded _____, whose militant wing, Fatah, began a guerilla war against Israel and its backers.

The Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)

The catalyst for the implementation of Gorbachev's policy of "glasnost" was the frank coverage of:

The nuclear accident at Chernobyl.

The ideas and practices of the Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot were so radical and brutal that in 1977 ________ invaded Cambodia and initiated his overthrow.

Vietnam

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech in ________ in August 1963.

Washington, D.C.

In 1977, the United Nations General Assembly declared the first annual International ______ Day.

Women's

The massive mobilization of Americans during ________ accelerated civil rights efforts to combat segregation in the United States.

World War II

The regime of President Husák in Czechoslovakia was overthrown, without bloodshed, in 1989, and his rule replaced with that of Vaclav Havel, a popular ________.

Writer

By the early 2000s, the chaotic agricultural sector combined with the repression of opposition to one-party rule had plunged Robert Mugabe's __________ into a serious economic crisis.

Zimbabwe